{"id":1006,"date":"2024-09-13T19:27:37","date_gmt":"2024-09-13T19:27:37","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1006"},"modified":"2024-09-13T19:27:37","modified_gmt":"2024-09-13T19:27:37","slug":"rice-staple-crop-changing-climate","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/rice-staple-crop-changing-climate\/","title":{"rendered":"R\u00fd\u017ee: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed plodina v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se klimatu"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">R\u00fd\u017ee: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed plodina v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se klimatu<\/h2>\n\n<p>R\u00fd\u017ee je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravinou pro miliardy lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Je to v\u0161estrann\u00e1 obilovina, kter\u00e1 se d\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pokrmech, od sushi p\u0159es paellu a\u017e po r\u00fd\u017eov\u00e9 nudle. Zm\u011bna klimatu v\u0161ak ohro\u017euje sv\u011btov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby r\u00fd\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopad zm\u011bny klimatu na produkci r\u00fd\u017ee<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zm\u011bna klimatu zp\u016fsobuje, \u017ee se atmosf\u00e9ra Zem\u011b st\u00e1v\u00e1 teplej\u0161\u00ed a vlh\u010d\u00ed. To vede ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m ve vzorc\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zt\u011b\u017eovat p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee. Nav\u00edc rostouc\u00ed hladiny oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e zt\u011b\u017euj\u00ed rostlin\u00e1m r\u00fd\u017ee vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd ovliv\u0148uje r\u016fst r\u00fd\u017ee<\/h2>\n\n<p>Oxid uhli\u010dit\u00fd je sklen\u00edkov\u00fd plyn, kter\u00fd zachycuje teplo v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e. Jak se hladiny oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho zvy\u0161uj\u00ed, teplota Zem\u011b stoup\u00e1. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke zm\u011bn\u00e1m ve vzorc\u00edch sr\u00e1\u017eek, co\u017e m\u016f\u017ee zt\u011b\u017eovat p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho mohou vysok\u00e9 hladiny oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho zt\u011b\u017eovat rostlin\u00e1m r\u00fd\u017ee vst\u0159eb\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivin. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00fdm v\u00fdnos\u016fm a r\u00fd\u017ei ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed kvality.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody konzumace r\u00fd\u017ee v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se klimatu<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159es v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00e9 zm\u011bna klimatu p\u0159edstavuje, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 r\u00fd\u017ee odolnou plodinou. Je schopna sn\u00e1\u0161et \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu environment\u00e1ln\u00edch podm\u00ednek a je relativn\u011b snadn\u00e9 ji p\u011bstovat.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc je r\u00fd\u017ee v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e1 obilovina bohat\u00e1 na vitam\u00edny, miner\u00e1ly a vl\u00e1kninu. Je tak\u00e9 dobr\u00fdm zdrojem b\u00edlkovin.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pokles produkce kuku\u0159ice kv\u016fli zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kuku\u0159ice je dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed plodina, ale nen\u00ed tak tolerantn\u00ed ke zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu jako r\u00fd\u017ee. O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee v\u00fdnosy kuku\u0159ice budou klesat, proto\u017ee se klima Zem\u011b bude nad\u00e1le oteplovat.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tento pokles produkce kuku\u0159ice by mohl m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na sv\u011btov\u00e9 z\u00e1soby potravin. Kuku\u0159ice se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k v\u00fdrob\u011b cel\u00e9 \u0159ady produkt\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b potravin, krmiv pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata a biopaliv.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konkurence mezi r\u00fd\u017e\u00ed a plevelem ve prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm obsahem CO2<\/h2>\n\n<p>Plevele jsou hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem p\u011bstitel\u016f r\u00fd\u017ee. Sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed s rostlinami r\u00fd\u017ee o vodu, \u017eiviny a slune\u010dn\u00ed sv\u011btlo. V prost\u0159ed\u00ed s vysok\u00fdm obsahem CO2 se plevele pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b stanou je\u0161t\u011b konkurenceschopn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi.<\/p>\n\n<p>Je to proto, \u017ee plevele jsou schopny fotosyntetizovat efektivn\u011bji ne\u017e rostliny r\u00fd\u017ee v prost\u0159ed\u00edch s vysok\u00fdm obsahem CO2. V\u00fdsledkem je, \u017ee plevele jsou schopny r\u016fst rychleji a produkovat v\u00edce semen.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budoucnost p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee v otepluj\u00edc\u00edm se sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h2>\n\n<p>R\u00fd\u017ee je odoln\u00e1 plodina, ale nen\u00ed imunn\u00ed v\u016f\u010di \u00fa\u010dink\u016fm zm\u011bny klimatu. Abychom zajistili, \u017ee budeme m\u00edt v budoucnu spolehliv\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsun r\u00fd\u017ee, mus\u00edme vyvinout nov\u00e9 strategie pro p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se klimatu.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jednou ze strategi\u00ed je vyvinout odr\u016fdy r\u00fd\u017ee, kter\u00e9 jsou tolerantn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k teplu, suchu a vysok\u00fdm hladin\u00e1m oxidu uhli\u010dit\u00e9ho. Dal\u0161\u00ed strategi\u00ed je zlep\u0161en\u00ed zavla\u017eovac\u00edch syst\u00e9m\u016f a postup\u016f hospoda\u0159en\u00ed s vodou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak by se r\u00fd\u017ee mohla st\u00e1t d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm zdrojem potravy v budoucnu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Jak bude sv\u011btov\u00e1 populace r\u016fst, bude r\u016fst i popt\u00e1vka po potravin\u00e1ch. R\u00fd\u017ee je v\u00fd\u017eivn\u00e1 a v\u0161estrann\u00e1 obilovina, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee pomoci tuto popt\u00e1vku uspokojit.<\/p>\n\n<p>Nav\u00edc je r\u00fd\u017ee relativn\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 plodina. Vy\u017eaduje m\u00e9n\u011b vody a hnojiv ne\u017e jin\u00e9 plodiny a lze ji p\u011bstovat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zdravotn\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy konzumace r\u00fd\u017ee<\/h2>\n\n<p>R\u00fd\u017ee je dobr\u00fdm zdrojem vitam\u00edn\u016f, miner\u00e1l\u016f a vl\u00e1kniny. Je tak\u00e9 dobr\u00fdm zdrojem b\u00edlkovin. Konzumace r\u00fd\u017ee byla spojena s \u0159adou zdravotn\u00edch v\u00fdhod, mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 riziko srde\u010dn\u00edch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed hladina cholesterolu<\/li>\n<li>Zlep\u0161en\u00e1 kontrola hladiny cukru v krvi<\/li>\n<li>Sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 riziko obezity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u0159\u00ednosy p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee<\/h2>\n\n<p>R\u00fd\u017ee je relativn\u011b udr\u017eiteln\u00e1 plodina. Vy\u017eaduje m\u00e9n\u011b vody a hnojiv ne\u017e jin\u00e9 plodiny a lze ji p\u011bstovat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch klimatick\u00fdch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed r\u00fd\u017ee pomoci zlep\u0161it kvalitu p\u016fdy a sn\u00ed\u017eit erozi. R\u00fd\u017eov\u00e1 pole tak\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed stanovi\u0161t\u011b pro celou \u0159adu divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kulturn\u00ed v\u00fdznam r\u00fd\u017ee<\/h2>\n\n<p>R\u00fd\u017ee je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravinou v mnoha kultur\u00e1ch po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pokrmech, od sushi p\u0159es paellu a\u017e po r\u00fd\u017eov\u00e9 nudle. R\u00fd\u017ee je tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mnoha n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdch a kulturn\u00edch ob\u0159ad\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R\u00fd\u017ee: Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed plodina v m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm se klimatu R\u00fd\u017ee je z\u00e1kladn\u00ed potravinou pro miliardy lid\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Je to v\u0161estrann\u00e1 obilovina, kter\u00e1 se d\u00e1 pou\u017e\u00edt v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pokrmech, od sushi&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24332,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[1194,2343,1193,34],"class_list":["post-1006","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-food-security","tag-rice-cultivation","tag-sustainable-agriculture","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1006"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24333,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1006\/revisions\/24333"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24332"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1006"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1006"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1006"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}