{"id":10071,"date":"2020-06-04T11:32:17","date_gmt":"2020-06-04T11:32:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=10071"},"modified":"2020-06-04T11:32:17","modified_gmt":"2020-06-04T11:32:17","slug":"hummingbird-moths-masters-of-mimicry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/hummingbird-moths-masters-of-mimicry\/","title":{"rendered":"Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci: Mist\u0159i v mimikry"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci: Mist\u0159i v mimikry<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Konvergentn\u00ed evoluce a iluze kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci, fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed imit\u00e1to\u0159i pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do \u010deledi Sphingidae, se vyvinuli tak, \u017ee se n\u00e1padn\u011b podobaj\u00ed sv\u00fdm pta\u010d\u00edm prot\u011bj\u0161k\u016fm, kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016fm. Tato pozoruhodn\u00e1 konvergence, v\u00fdsledek v\u011bk\u016f nez\u00e1visl\u00e9 evoluce, vedla k tomu, \u017ee ob\u011b stvo\u0159en\u00ed sd\u00edlej\u00ed mnoho spole\u010dn\u00fdch znak\u016f, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed zaujmout podobn\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 niky jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00ed opylova\u010di.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Identifikace: Odhalen\u00ed rozd\u00edl\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159es sv\u00e9 podobnosti lze mot\u00fdly kolib\u0159\u00edky a kolib\u0159\u00edky rozli\u0161it pe\u010dliv\u00fdm pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm. Zde jsou kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00e9 identifika\u010dn\u00ed znaky:<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Velikost a tvar<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci jsou v\u00fdrazn\u011b men\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e kolib\u0159\u00edci, s pr\u016fm\u011brnou d\u00e9lkou t\u011bla 1 a\u017e 2 palce ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se 3 a\u017e 4 palci u kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f. Nav\u00edc maj\u00ed mot\u00fdli tlust\u00e1, sudovit\u00e1 t\u011bla, zat\u00edmco kolib\u0159\u00edci maj\u00ed \u0161t\u00edhlej\u0161\u00ed, jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed tvar.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tykadla a k\u0159\u00eddla<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci maj\u00ed dlouh\u00e1, n\u00e1padn\u00e1 tykadla se ztlustl\u00fdmi \u0161pi\u010dkami, co\u017e je rys, kter\u00fd u kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f chyb\u00ed. Mot\u00fdli tak\u00e9 vykazuj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 vzory a barvy na sv\u00fdch k\u0159\u00eddlech, v\u010detn\u011b pruh\u016f, skvrn a dokonce i pr\u016fhledn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed. Naproti tomu k\u0159\u00eddla kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f jsou obvykle jednobarevn\u00e1 a postr\u00e1daj\u00ed pr\u016fhlednost.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Nohy a tvar t\u011bla<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mot\u00fdli maj\u00ed \u0161est vis\u00edc\u00edch nohou, zat\u00edmco kolib\u0159\u00edci maj\u00ed dv\u011b nen\u00e1padn\u00e9 nohy p\u0159itisknut\u00e9 bl\u00edzko k t\u011blu b\u011bhem letu. Chlupat\u00fd vzhled t\u011bl mot\u00fdl\u016f d\u00e1le kontrastuje s hladk\u00fdmi, hladk\u00fdmi t\u011bly kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tvar zob\u00e1ku a vzor na trupu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zob\u00e1ky kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f jsou \u0161t\u00edhl\u00e9 a jehlovit\u00e9, se z\u00e1kladnou o n\u011bco tlust\u0161\u00ed. Mot\u00fdli naopak zob\u00e1k nemaj\u00ed a krm\u00ed se v\u00fdrazn\u011b zahnut\u00fdm jazykem. Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci maj\u00ed \u010dasto v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 vzory na sv\u00fdch zade\u010dc\u00edch a trupu, na rozd\u00edl od jemn\u00fdch barevn\u00fdch variac\u00ed pozorovan\u00fdch u kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Tvar a akce ocasu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ocasy kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f se li\u0161\u00ed tvarem, od tup\u00fdch po dlouh\u00e9 a spl\u00fdvav\u00e9. Ocasy mot\u00fdl\u016f jsou v\u0161ak obvykle kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 a tup\u00e9, s chlupat\u00fdm vzhledem. Zat\u00edmco pt\u00e1ci mohou dr\u017eet sv\u00e9 ocasy v klidu nebo je ov\u00edvat, mot\u00fdli sv\u00e9 ocasy p\u0159i krmen\u00ed pouze m\u00edrn\u011b otev\u0159ou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Chov\u00e1n\u00ed a habitat<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kolib\u0159\u00edci jsou teritori\u00e1ln\u00ed a agresivn\u00ed, zat\u00edmco mot\u00fdli jsou spole\u010den\u0161t\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a m\u00e9n\u011b pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b ute\u010dou p\u0159ed lidskou p\u0159\u00edtomnost\u00ed. Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost zahrad\u00e1m a p\u0159edm\u011bst\u00edm, zat\u00edmco kolib\u0159\u00edci ob\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1lu stanovi\u0161\u0165, v\u010detn\u011b divo\u010dej\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u010cas aktivity a preference kv\u011btin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kolib\u0159\u00edci jsou denn\u00ed, aktivn\u00ed b\u011bhem dne. V\u011bt\u0161ina mot\u00fdl\u016f kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f je no\u010dn\u00edch, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 jsou aktivn\u00ed b\u011bhem dne. Kolib\u0159\u00edci i mot\u00fdli se \u017eiv\u00ed nektarem z r\u016fzn\u00fdch kv\u011bt\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e mot\u00fdli up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed bled\u00e9 kv\u011bty a kolib\u0159\u00edci d\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ednost syt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm barv\u00e1m.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/h2>\n\n<p>Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm sv\u011bdectv\u00edm div\u016f konvergentn\u00ed evoluce, napodobuj\u00ed kolib\u0159\u00edky, aby obsadili podobnou ekologickou niku. Pochopen\u00edm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch rozd\u00edl\u016f mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma tvory mohou milovn\u00edci p\u0159\u00edrody ocenit kr\u00e1su a rozmanitost p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho sv\u011bta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci: Mist\u0159i v mimikry Konvergentn\u00ed evoluce a iluze kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016f Mot\u00fdli kolib\u0159\u00edci, fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed imit\u00e1to\u0159i pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do \u010deledi Sphingidae, se vyvinuli tak, \u017ee se n\u00e1padn\u011b podobaj\u00ed sv\u00fdm pta\u010d\u00edm prot\u011bj\u0161k\u016fm, kolib\u0159\u00edk\u016fm. Tato&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[2977,3512,14263,1141,252,930],"class_list":["post-10071","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-insects","tag-mimicry","tag-hummingbird-moths","tag-pollinators","tag-nature","tag-birds"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10071","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10071"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10071\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10072,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10071\/revisions\/10072"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10071"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10071"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10071"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}