Na konci 18. stolet\u00ed byla raj\u010data v Evrop\u011b velmi ob\u00e1van\u00e1. \u0158\u00edkalo se jim \u201ejedovat\u00e1 jablka\u201c, proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee po jejich po\u017eit\u00ed aristokrat\u00e9 onemocn\u00ed a zem\u0159ou. Skute\u010dnou p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou t\u011bchto \u00famrt\u00ed v\u0161ak byla otrava olovem, jeliko\u017e bohat\u00ed Evropan\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvali c\u00ednov\u00e9 tal\u00ed\u0159e s vysok\u00fdm obsahem olova. Kysel\u00e1 povaha raj\u010dat olovo z tal\u00ed\u0159\u016f vym\u00fdvala, co\u017e vedlo k otrav\u011b olovem.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory chyb\u011bj\u00edc\u00edm d\u016fkaz\u016fm spojuj\u00edc\u00edm raj\u010data s otravou strach p\u0159etrv\u00e1val v\u00edce ne\u017e 200 let. \u010c\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b to bylo zp\u016fsobeno klasifikac\u00ed raj\u010dete jako smrteln\u00e9ho rul\u00edku, \u010deledi jedovat\u00fdch rostlin obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch toxiny naz\u00fdvan\u00e9 tropanov\u00e9 alkaloidy.<\/p>\n\n
Raj\u010data byla poprv\u00e9 p\u0159edstavena v Severn\u00ed Americe \u0161pan\u011blsk\u00fdmi dobyvateli v 16. stolet\u00ed. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku se v\u0161ak p\u011bstovala pouze jako okrasn\u00e9 rostliny kv\u016fli p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed, \u017ee jsou jedovat\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
V 18. stolet\u00ed se raj\u010data za\u010dala j\u00edst v n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech Ameriky, ale obavy a pov\u011bsti o jejich mo\u017en\u00e9 toxicit\u011b p\u0159etrv\u00e1valy. Velk\u00fd zelen\u00fd housenka s rohem na h\u0159bet\u011b, naz\u00fdvan\u00fd raj\u010datov\u00fd \u010derv, byl pova\u017eov\u00e1n za smrteln\u00e9ho pro \u010dlov\u011bka.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory trval\u00fdm obav\u00e1m si raj\u010data postupn\u011b z\u00edsk\u00e1vala p\u0159ijet\u00ed jako zdroj potravy. V 19. stolet\u00ed se v m\u00edstn\u00edch \u010dasopisech a novin\u00e1ch objevily stovky recept\u016f na raj\u010data. Zem\u011bd\u011blci za\u010dali experimentovat s r\u016fzn\u00fdmi odr\u016fdami raj\u010dat a zkoumat jejich vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
V 50. letech 19. stolet\u00ed se n\u00e1zev \u201eraj\u010de\u201c stal natolik cen\u011bn\u00fdm, \u017ee se pou\u017e\u00edval k prodeji jin\u00fdch rostlin na trhu. V roce 1897 vynalezl Joseph Campbell kondenzovanou raj\u010datovou pol\u00e9vku, co\u017e tento plod je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce zpopularizovalo.<\/p>\n\n
Dnes se raj\u010data konzumuj\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b v nes\u010detn\u00fdch odr\u016fd\u00e1ch. Pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed se v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le pokrm\u016f, od sal\u00e1t\u016f p\u0159es pizzu a\u017e po pol\u00e9vky. Jen ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech bylo v roce 2009 vyp\u011bstov\u00e1no 3,32 miliardy liber \u010derstv\u00fdch raj\u010dat pro trh.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159es velkou oblibu raj\u010dat se zd\u00e1, \u017ee \u010d\u00e1st jejich minulosti jako rul\u00edku je n\u00e1sledovala do popul\u00e1rn\u00ed kultury. Hudebn\u00ed komedie z roku 1978 \u201e\u00datok zabij\u00e1ck\u00fdch raj\u010dat\u201c p\u0159edstavuje ob\u0159\u00ed \u010derven\u00e9 skvrny tohoto ovoce, kter\u00e9 terorizuj\u00ed zemi.<\/p>\n\n
Raj\u010de m\u00e1 dlouhou a fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed historii, poznamenanou jak strachem, tak fascinac\u00ed. Od sv\u00fdch skromn\u00fdch po\u010d\u00e1tk\u016f jako smrteln\u00e9ho rul\u00edku a\u017e po sou\u010dasn\u00fd status kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pochoutky u\u0161la raj\u010data dlouhou cestu.<\/p>\n\n
Jejich cesta slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka, \u017ee i ty nejstra\u0161ideln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a nepochopen\u00e9 v\u011bci se nakonec mohou st\u00e1t \u0161iroce akceptovan\u00fdmi a obl\u00edben\u00fdmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Raj\u010de: Od smrteln\u00e9 rul\u00edku ke kulin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 pochoutce Strach z raj\u010dat v Evrop\u011b Na konci 18. stolet\u00ed byla raj\u010data v Evrop\u011b velmi ob\u00e1van\u00e1. \u0158\u00edkalo se jim \u201ejedovat\u00e1 jablka\u201c, proto\u017ee se v\u011b\u0159ilo,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[628],"tags":[2429,27,113,63,2428,9,97],"class_list":["post-1045","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-food-science","tag-botany","tag-history","tag-food","tag-culture","tag-tomato","tag-art","tag-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1045"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1046,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1045\/revisions\/1046"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1045"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1045"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1045"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}