{"id":10450,"date":"2020-07-25T13:45:21","date_gmt":"2020-07-25T13:45:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=10450"},"modified":"2020-07-25T13:45:21","modified_gmt":"2020-07-25T13:45:21","slug":"carnivorous-plants-fascinating-insect-eating-wonders","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/botany\/carnivorous-plants-fascinating-insect-eating-wonders\/","title":{"rendered":"Maso\u017erav\u00e9 Rostliny: Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed Hmyzo\u017erav\u00ed Z\u00e1zraky"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny: Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed hmyzo\u017erav\u00ed divy<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co jsou maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny jsou strhuj\u00edc\u00ed skupina rostlin, kter\u00e9 vyvinuly mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost chytat a tr\u00e1vit hmyz a jin\u00e9 mal\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy. Na rozd\u00edl od v\u011bt\u0161iny rostlin, kter\u00e9 jsou z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na p\u016fd\u011b pro \u017eiviny, se maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny p\u0159izp\u016fsobily prost\u0159ed\u00ed chud\u00e9mu na \u017eiviny t\u00edm, \u017ee dopl\u0148uj\u00ed svou stravu \u017eivo\u010di\u0161nou hmotou.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny chytaj\u00ed svou ko\u0159ist<\/h2>\n\n<p>Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00e9 d\u016fmysln\u00e9 mechanismy k p\u0159il\u00e1k\u00e1n\u00ed, polapen\u00ed a str\u00e1ven\u00ed sv\u00e9 ko\u0159isti. N\u011bkter\u00e9, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad l\u00e1\u010dkovky, maj\u00ed modifikovan\u00e9 listy, kter\u00e9 vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed dut\u00e9 komory napln\u011bn\u00e9 tr\u00e1vic\u00edmi enzymy. Hmyz je do l\u00e1\u010dek l\u00e1k\u00e1n nektarem a vizu\u00e1ln\u00edmi podn\u011bty. Jakmile se dostanou dovnit\u0159, jsou polapeni sm\u011brem dol\u016f sm\u011b\u0159uj\u00edc\u00edmi chloupky a kluzk\u00fdmi st\u011bnami.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jin\u00e9 maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad rosnatky a tu\u010dnice, maj\u00ed listy pokryt\u00e9 lepkav\u00fdmi \u017el\u00e1zami, kter\u00e9 vylu\u010duj\u00ed lepkavou l\u00e1tku. Kdy\u017e hmyz p\u0159istane na list, je zamot\u00e1n do lepkav\u00e9 l\u00e1tky a tr\u00e1vic\u00ed enzymy rostliny za\u010dnou ko\u0159ist rozpou\u0161t\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Venu\u0161ina mucholapka: Rychl\u00fd maso\u017eravec<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nejzn\u00e1m\u011bj\u0161\u00ed maso\u017eravou rostlinou je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b Venu\u0161ina mucholapka. Tato rostlina m\u00e1 specializovan\u00e9 listy, kter\u00e9 tvo\u0159\u00ed dva kloubov\u00e9 laloky p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed medv\u011bd\u00ed past. Kdy\u017e se hmyz dotkne spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00edch chloupk\u016f na listech, laloky se zaklapnou a uv\u011bzn\u00ed ko\u0159ist uvnit\u0159. Venu\u0161ina mucholapka pot\u00e9 vylu\u010duje tr\u00e1vic\u00ed enzymy, aby hmyz rozlo\u017eila.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vodn\u00ed m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159ky: Podvodn\u00ed maso\u017eravci<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vodn\u00ed m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159ky jsou jedine\u010dn\u00e9 maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny, kter\u00e9 \u017eij\u00ed ve vodn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Maj\u00ed mal\u00e9, dut\u00e9 m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159ky, kter\u00e9 funguj\u00ed jako sac\u00ed pasti. Kdy\u017e se hmyz nebo mal\u00fd kor\u00fd\u0161 ot\u0159e o spou\u0161t\u011bc\u00ed chloupky na m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159c\u00edch, m\u011bch\u00fd\u0159ky se rychle roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159\u00ed a vt\u00e1hnou dovnit\u0159 vodu a ko\u0159ist. Rostlina pot\u00e9 vodu p\u0159efiltruje a vst\u0159eb\u00e1 \u017eiviny z uloven\u00e9ho tvora.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Krom\u011b sv\u00e9 fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed biologie poskytuj\u00ed maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny tak\u00e9 ur\u010dit\u00e9 v\u00fdhody:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kontrola \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f:<\/strong> N\u011bkter\u00e9 maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny, jako jsou rosnatky a tu\u010dnice, mohou pomoci kontrolovat populace hmyzu, jako jsou kom\u00e1\u0159i a octomilky, co\u017e z nich \u010din\u00ed potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed spojence p\u0159i regulaci \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vzd\u011bl\u00e1vac\u00ed hodnota:<\/strong> Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00edmi p\u0159edm\u011bty pro studium rostlinn\u00fdch adaptac\u00ed, ekologie a vz\u00e1jemn\u00fdch vztah\u016f v p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zahradnick\u00fd z\u00e1jem:<\/strong> Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny se \u010dasto p\u011bstuj\u00ed jako okrasn\u00e9 rostliny a dod\u00e1vaj\u00ed zahrad\u00e1m a ter\u00e1ri\u00edm n\u00e1dech exotiky.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e9\u010de o maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00e9, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Se spr\u00e1vnou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed v\u0161ak mohou prosperovat a p\u0159edv\u00e1d\u011bt sv\u00e9 fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed hmyzo\u017erav\u00e9 schopnosti. Zde je n\u011bkolik tip\u016f pro p\u00e9\u010di o maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Voda:<\/strong> Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny obvykle pot\u0159ebuj\u00ed kyselou, na \u017eiviny chudou vodu. Pou\u017e\u00edvejte destilovanou vodu, de\u0161\u0165ovou vodu nebo vodu z reverzn\u00ed osm\u00f3zy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>P\u016fda:<\/strong> Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny vy\u017eaduj\u00ed specializovanou p\u016fdu nebo p\u011bstebn\u00ed m\u00e9dium, jako je ra\u0161elin\u00edk nebo sm\u011bs ra\u0161eliny a perlitu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Hnojen\u00ed:<\/strong> Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny nehnojte. \u017diviny z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed ze sv\u00e9 hmyz\u00ed ko\u0159isti.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Sv\u011btlo:<\/strong> V\u011bt\u0161ina maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin pot\u0159ebuje jasn\u00e9, nep\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 sv\u011btlo.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vlhkost vzduchu:<\/strong> Mnoho maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin prosp\u00edv\u00e1 ve vlhk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Rostliny m\u016f\u017eete rosit nebo um\u00edstit do ter\u00e1ria, abyste udr\u017eeli vlhkost vzduchu.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prozkoum\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed sv\u011bta maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin<\/h2>\n\n<p>Sv\u011bt maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin je obrovsk\u00fd a rozmanit\u00fd, se stovkami druh\u016f vyskytuj\u00edc\u00edch se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch biotopech po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Zde je n\u011bkolik nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Ob\u0159\u00ed horsk\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dkovka:<\/strong> Tento obrovsk\u00fd druh l\u00e1\u010dkovky, poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed z Bornea, m\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dky, kter\u00e9 mohou pojmout a\u017e \u010dty\u0159i litry vody a chytit mal\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, jako jsou \u017e\u00e1by a hlodavci.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kob\u0159\u00ed lilie:<\/strong> Tato l\u00e1\u010dkovka p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 kobru a m\u00e1 kapuc\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00edc\u00ed listy, kter\u00e9 l\u00e1kaj\u00ed a chytaj\u00ed hmyz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Slune\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1\u010dkovka:<\/strong> Slune\u010dn\u00ed l\u00e1\u010dkovky, kter\u00e9 se vyskytuj\u00ed v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe, maj\u00ed listy ve tvaru l\u00e1\u010dky, kter\u00e9 zadr\u017euj\u00ed vodu a utop\u00ed hmyz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Z\u00e1padoaustralsk\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dkovka:<\/strong> Tato mal\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dkovka vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed atraktivn\u00ed, pruhovan\u00e9 l\u00e1\u010dky, kter\u00e9 mohou chytat hmyz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny jsou strhuj\u00edc\u00ed organismy, kter\u00e9 ukazuj\u00ed pozoruhodnou rozmanitost a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost rostlinn\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e. Jejich jedine\u010dn\u00e9 hmyzo\u017erav\u00e9 mechanismy a ekologick\u00e9 role z nich \u010din\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edm\u011bty studia a obdivu. Pochopen\u00edm jejich biologie a po\u017eadavk\u016f na p\u00e9\u010di m\u016f\u017eeme tyto mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 rostliny p\u011bstovat a \u017easnout nad jejich strhuj\u00edc\u00edmi schopnostmi.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny: Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed hmyzo\u017erav\u00ed divy Co jsou maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny? Maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny jsou strhuj\u00edc\u00ed skupina rostlin, kter\u00e9 vyvinuly mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost chytat a tr\u00e1vit hmyz a jin\u00e9 mal\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010dichy. Na rozd\u00edl od&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[1822,8557,10257,14579,14578,14577],"class_list":["post-10450","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-botany","tag-carnivorous-plants","tag-pitcher-plants","tag-insect-eating-plants","tag-bladderworts","tag-venus-flytraps","tag-sundews"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10450","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10450"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10450\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10451,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10450\/revisions\/10451"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10450"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10450"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10450"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}