{"id":10796,"date":"2024-05-19T23:12:52","date_gmt":"2024-05-19T23:12:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=10796"},"modified":"2024-05-19T23:12:52","modified_gmt":"2024-05-19T23:12:52","slug":"all-about-pollinators-what-they-are-and-how-to-support-them","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology\/all-about-pollinators-what-they-are-and-how-to-support-them\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u0161e o opylova\u010d\u00edch: Kdo to je a jak jim pomoci"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u0161e o opylova\u010d\u00edch: Kdo to je a jak jim pomoci<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je opylova\u010d a jak funguje?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Opylova\u010di jsou tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pyl z jedn\u00e9 rostliny na druhou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a produkci potravin, jako je ovoce, zelenina a o\u0159echy. Mezi b\u011b\u017en\u00e9 opylova\u010de pat\u0159\u00ed hmyz, jako jsou v\u010dely, mot\u00fdli a brouci, ale tak\u00e9 pt\u00e1ci a dokonce i n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed savci, nap\u0159\u00edklad netop\u00fd\u0159i. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed opylova\u010di, jako jsou v\u010dely medonosn\u00e9, aktivn\u011b vyhled\u00e1vaj\u00ed pyl jako sou\u010d\u00e1st sv\u00fdch strategi\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed, jako jsou kolib\u0159\u00edci, ne\u00famysln\u011b p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pyl p\u0159i hled\u00e1n\u00ed potravy v podob\u011b nektaru.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam opylova\u010d\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Opylova\u010di hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. Podporuj\u00ed r\u016fst rostlin, zvy\u0161uj\u00ed biologickou rozmanitost a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed dostatek zdroj\u016f potravy pro \u010dlov\u011bka i zv\u00ed\u0159ata. Zejm\u00e9na zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed je z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na opylova\u010d\u00edch, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na v\u010del\u00e1ch, kte\u0159\u00ed opyluj\u00ed plodiny, jako jsou jablka, pomeran\u010de a mandle. Bez opylova\u010d\u016f by byly na\u0161e potravinov\u00e9 zdroje a ekonomika v\u00e1\u017en\u011b ohro\u017eeny.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">B\u011b\u017en\u00ed opylova\u010di v USA<\/h2>\n\n<p>V USA \u017eije \u0161irok\u00e1 \u0161k\u00e1la opylova\u010d\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Monarch butterflies:<\/strong> Tito kdysi hojn\u00ed, ohro\u017een\u00ed mot\u00fdli jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00ed opylova\u010di. Jako potravu vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed ml\u00e9\u010d, fuksii a buddleju.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mot\u00fdli:<\/strong> Mnoho druh\u016f mot\u00fdl\u016f efektivn\u011b opyluje rostliny. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad monarch, maj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 preference ohledn\u011b rostlin. Ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje pro populace mot\u00fdl\u016f zna\u010dnou hrozbu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kolib\u0159\u00edci:<\/strong> Tito nen\u00e1padn\u00ed pt\u00e1ci nav\u0161t\u011bvuj\u00ed kv\u011btiny, jako je m\u00e1ta pro kolib\u0159\u00edky a \u0161anta ko\u010di\u010d\u00ed, aby se \u017eivili nektarem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Netop\u00fd\u0159i:<\/strong> No\u010dn\u00ed a pla\u0161\u00ed netop\u00fd\u0159i konzumuj\u00ed hmyz a opyluj\u00ed ur\u010dit\u00e9 plodiny, jako je durian a pitahaya.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Brouci:<\/strong> P\u0159esto\u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy jsou \u0161k\u016fdci, mnoho brouk\u016f jsou prosp\u011b\u0161n\u00ed opylova\u010di. Jsou zn\u00e1mi t\u00edm, \u017ee b\u011bhem procesu opylov\u00e1n\u00ed okusuj\u00ed listy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vosy:<\/strong> P\u0159es svou pov\u011bst jsou vosy \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdmi opylova\u010di.<\/li>\n<li><strong>V\u010dely:<\/strong> Medonosn\u00e9 v\u010dely, v\u010dely tesa\u0159\u00edk a \u010dmel\u00e1ci pat\u0159\u00ed k nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm opyluj\u00edc\u00edm hmyz\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u016fry:<\/strong> No\u010dn\u00ed m\u016fry opyluj\u00ed rostliny po setm\u011bn\u00ed. Jejich larvy slou\u017e\u00ed jako potrava pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 druhy voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edch \u017eivo\u010dich\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kom\u00e1\u0159i:<\/strong> P\u0159ekvapiv\u011b i kom\u00e1\u0159i p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed k opylov\u00e1n\u00ed, p\u0159esto\u017ee jsou p\u0159ena\u0161e\u010di nemoc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Mouchy:<\/strong> Mouchy jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi opylova\u010di d\u00edky sv\u00e9 hojnosti a schopnosti opylovat \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu rostlin.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Je\u0161t\u011b\u0159i:<\/strong> V n\u011bkter\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mech hraj\u00ed je\u0161t\u011brky kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v opylov\u00e1n\u00ed, stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eitou jako pt\u00e1ci a hmyz.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jin\u00ed sav\u010d\u00ed opylova\u010di:<\/strong> Krom\u011b netop\u00fdr\u016f p\u016fsob\u00ed jako opylova\u010di tak\u00e9 n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed druhy rejsci, va\u010dnatc\u016f, lemur\u016f a kaloni.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak podpo\u0159it opylova\u010de<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje mnoho zp\u016fsob\u016f, jak m\u016f\u017eete podpo\u0159it opylova\u010de ve sv\u00e9 komunit\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vytv\u00e1\u0159ejte stanovi\u0161t\u011b:<\/strong> Vysa\u010fte kv\u011btiny vhodn\u00e9 pro opylova\u010de a nechte n\u011bkter\u00e9 oblasti zar\u016fst divoce, abyste p\u0159il\u00e1kali r\u016fzn\u00e9 opylova\u010de.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Vyhn\u011bte se pesticid\u016fm:<\/strong> Toxick\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie naru\u0161uj\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu a mohou opylova\u010d\u016fm ubl\u00ed\u017eit. Zvolte ekologick\u00e9 metody huben\u00ed \u0161k\u016fdc\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Omezte sv\u011bteln\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed:<\/strong> Jasn\u00e1 venkovn\u00ed sv\u011btla v noci mohou dezorientovat ta\u017en\u00e9 pt\u00e1ky, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 opylova\u010di. M\u00edsto toho pou\u017e\u00edvejte sol\u00e1rn\u00ed sv\u011btla nebo sv\u011btla s pohybov\u00fdm senzorem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Podporujte m\u00edstn\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blce a v\u010dela\u0159e:<\/strong> N\u00e1kup produkt\u016f od ekologick\u00fdch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f a v\u010dela\u0159\u016f podporuje zdrav\u00e1 stanovi\u0161t\u011b pro opylova\u010de.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed t\u00e9mata kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov s dlouh\u00fdm \u0445\u0432\u043estem<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vliv zm\u011bny klimatu na populace opylova\u010d\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Role p\u016fvodn\u00edch rostlin v podpo\u0159e opylova\u010d\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Jak vytvo\u0159it zahradu pro opylova\u010de na va\u0161\u00ed zahrad\u011b<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdhody zahradnictv\u00ed p\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00e9ho k opylova\u010d\u016fm<\/li>\n<li>Ekonomick\u00e1 hodnota opylova\u010d\u016f v zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>V\u00fdznam ochrany opylova\u010d\u016f pro budouc\u00ed generace<\/li>\n<li>Ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u011bdeck\u00e9 iniciativy pro monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed populac\u00ed opylova\u010d\u016f<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Implementac\u00ed t\u011bchto opat\u0159en\u00ed m\u016f\u017eeme pomoci udr\u017eet populace opylova\u010d\u016f a zajistit trval\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed na\u0161ich ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a potravinov\u00e9ho \u0159et\u011bzce.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V\u0161e o opylova\u010d\u00edch: Kdo to je a jak jim pomoci Co je opylova\u010d a jak funguje? Opylova\u010di jsou tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161ej\u00ed pyl z jedn\u00e9 rostliny na druhou, \u010d\u00edm\u017e umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23473,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[395,605,1141,8133,5715],"class_list":["post-10796","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ecology","tag-biodiversity","tag-wildlife-conservation","tag-pollinators","tag-food-production","tag-ecosystem-health"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10796","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10796"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10796\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10797,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10796\/revisions\/10797"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23473"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10796"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10796"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10796"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}