{"id":1111,"date":"2024-08-27T17:14:56","date_gmt":"2024-08-27T17:14:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1111"},"modified":"2024-08-27T17:14:56","modified_gmt":"2024-08-27T17:14:56","slug":"ancient-flying-reptiles-fossils-eggs-reveal-new-insights","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/paleontology\/ancient-flying-reptiles-fossils-eggs-reveal-new-insights\/","title":{"rendered":"Prav\u011bc\u00ed l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed plazi: Nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do jejich \u017eivota a vyhynut\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prav\u011bc\u00ed l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed plazi: Nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do jejich \u017eivota a vyhynut\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Objev zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch vajec a koster<\/h2>\n\n

V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 Turpan-Hamijsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nvi objevili paleontologov\u00e9 pozoruhodnou v\u011bc: kolonii zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch plaz\u016f neboli ptakoje\u0161t\u011br\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili p\u0159ed 120 miliony lety. Mezi fos\u00edliemi bylo p\u011bt vajec, v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed nalezen\u00e1 vejce ptakoje\u0161t\u011br\u016f, kter\u00e1 nebyla zplo\u0161t\u011bl\u00e1. Mikroskopick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee vejce m\u011bla tenkou vaje\u010dnou sko\u0159\u00e1pku z uhli\u010ditanu v\u00e1penat\u00e9ho a m\u011bkkou, tenkou membr\u00e1nu podobnou vejc\u00edm n\u011bkter\u00fdch sou\u010dasn\u00fdch had\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Nov\u00fd rod a druh ptakoje\u0161t\u011bra<\/h2>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed vykop\u00e1vky p\u0159inesly 40 zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch koster, kter\u00e9 odhalily nov\u00fd rod a druh ptakoje\u0161t\u011bra pojmenovan\u00fd Hamipterus tianshanensis. Tito ptakoje\u0161t\u011b\u0159i m\u011bli charakteristick\u00e9 rysy, kter\u00e9 je odli\u0161ovaly od jin\u00fdch druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b zahnut\u00e9 kosti na konci \u010delisti, \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch o\u010dnic, dob\u0159e vyvinut\u00e9ho h\u0159ebene na \u010dele a kosti z\u00e1p\u011bst\u00ed s vy\u010dn\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00edm hrotem. Jejich rozp\u011bt\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddel se pohybovalo od 4 do 11 stop.<\/p>\n\n

Pohlavn\u00ed dimorfismus<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci zaj\u00edmav\u011b zjistili, \u017ee n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed jedinci m\u011bli r\u016fzn\u00e9 hlavov\u00e9 h\u0159ebeny, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e n\u011bkter\u00e9 byly v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a vr\u00e1s\u010dit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e jin\u00e9. To nazna\u010duje p\u0159\u00edtomnost pohlavn\u00edho dimorfismu, kdy v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed h\u0159ebeny pat\u0159ily samc\u016fm a men\u0161\u00ed samic\u00edm. Jedn\u00e1 se o vz\u00e1cn\u00fd n\u00e1lez u zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at a poskytuje informace o spole\u010densk\u00e9m chov\u00e1n\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00fdch ptakoje\u0161t\u011br\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Hn\u00edzdn\u00ed n\u00e1vyky a spole\u010densk\u00fd \u017eivot ve st\u00e1dech<\/h2>\n\n

Objev vajec a fosili\u00ed ptakoje\u0161t\u011br\u016f poskytuje cenn\u00e9 informace o jejich hn\u00edzdn\u00edch n\u00e1vyc\u00edch a spole\u010densk\u00e9m \u017eivot\u011b. Vejce byla zakop\u00e1na ve vlh k\u00e9m p\u00edsku pobl\u00ed\u017e b\u0159ehu prav\u011bk\u00e9ho jezera, co\u017e p\u0159ipom\u00edn\u00e1 hn\u00edzdn\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed sou\u010dasn\u00fdch krys\u00edch had\u016f. P\u0159\u00edtomnost v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f s podobn\u00fdmi kostern\u00edmi znaky nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tito ptakoje\u0161t\u011b\u0159i \u017eili ve spole\u010densk\u00fdch skupin\u00e1ch podobn\u00fdch st\u00e1d\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Vyhynut\u00ed a role bou\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Vrstvy hornin obsahuj\u00edc\u00edch fosilie v Turpan-Hami jsou rozd\u011bleny vrstvami bahna a p\u00edsku, co\u017e nazna\u010duje v\u00fdskyt velk\u00fdch bou\u0159\u00ed. V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee siln\u00e1 bou\u0159e mohla zab\u00edt ptakoje\u0161t\u011bry a odn\u00e9st jejich t\u011bla a vejce na jejich posledn\u00ed m\u00edsto odpo\u010dinku, kde byla rychle poh\u0159bena.<\/p>\n\n

D\u016fsledky pro pochopen\u00ed evoluce a m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se biosf\u00e9ry<\/h2>\n\n

Objev Hamipterus tianshanensis a jeho jedine\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k na\u0161emu ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed evoluce a diverzity ptakoje\u0161t\u011br\u016f. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje tak\u00e9 d\u016fle\u017eitost studia dlouhodob\u00fdch ekologick\u00fdch zm\u011bn, proto\u017ee poskytuje informace o tom, jak se populace mohou p\u0159izp\u016fsobit a reagovat na nep\u0159\u00edze\u0148 osudu v geologick\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n

Krom\u011b toho p\u0159\u00edtomnost spole\u010densk\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00e9ho st\u00e1d\u016fm a rys\u016f podobn\u00fdch plaz\u016fm u t\u011bchto prav\u011bk\u00fdch l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch plaz\u016f zpochyb\u0148uje na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vztahu mezi ptakoje\u0161t\u011bry a pt\u00e1ky. Nazna\u010duje to, \u017ee podobnosti mezi ptakoje\u0161t\u011bry a pt\u00e1ky, pokud jde o p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed se letu, se mohly vyvinout nez\u00e1visle, nikoli prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 evolu\u010dn\u00ed linie.<\/p>\n\n

Hodnota paleontologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu<\/h2>\n\n

Tento objev zd\u016fraz\u0148uje hodnotu paleontologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu p\u0159i odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed z\u00e1had minul\u00e9ho \u017eivota na Zemi. P\u0159i studiu zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat informace o chov\u00e1n\u00ed, biologii a vyhynut\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00fdch organism\u016f. Je to tak\u00e9 p\u0159ipom\u00ednka vz\u00e1jemn\u00e9ho propojen\u00ed v\u0161ech \u017eiv\u00fdch tvor\u016f a neust\u00e1l\u00e9 evoluce a zm\u011bny, kter\u00e1 utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed biosf\u00e9ru ve velk\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159\u00edtk\u00e1ch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prav\u011bc\u00ed l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00ed plazi: Nahl\u00e9dnut\u00ed do jejich \u017eivota a vyhynut\u00ed Objev zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch vajec a koster V \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9 Turpan-Hamijsk\u00e9 p\u00e1nvi objevili paleontologov\u00e9 pozoruhodnou v\u011bc: kolonii zkamen\u011bl\u00fdch l\u00e9taj\u00edc\u00edch plaz\u016f neboli ptakoje\u0161t\u011br\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24108,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[2563,2565,136,239,2566,137,2564,400],"class_list":["post-1111","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-ancient-flying-reptiles","tag-eggs","tag-evolution","tag-fossils","tag-nesting-habits","tag-paleontology","tag-pterosaurs","tag-extinction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1111","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1111"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1111\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24164,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1111\/revisions\/24164"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24108"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1111"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1111"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1111"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}