{"id":11192,"date":"2023-10-19T23:04:19","date_gmt":"2023-10-19T23:04:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11192"},"modified":"2023-10-19T23:04:19","modified_gmt":"2023-10-19T23:04:19","slug":"beech-trees-varieties-care-benefits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/botany\/beech-trees-varieties-care-benefits\/","title":{"rendered":"Buky: Pr\u016fvodce odr\u016fdami, p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed a v\u00fdhodami"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Buky: Pr\u016fvodce odr\u016fdami, p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed a v\u00fdhodami<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je buk?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Buky jsou listnat\u00e9 stromy pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do \u010deledi bukovit\u00fdch. Jsou p\u016fvodem ze Severn\u00ed Ameriky, Evropy a Asie a jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdm hust\u00fdm olist\u011bn\u00edm a hladkou \u0161edou k\u016frou. Buky jsou obl\u00edben\u00fdmi st\u00edn\u00edc\u00edmi stromy kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 dlouhov\u011bkosti a schopnosti prosp\u00edvat v r\u016fzn\u00fdch p\u016fdn\u00edch podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odr\u016fdy buku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Existuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b tucet r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f buku, ka\u017ed\u00fd se sv\u00fdmi jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. Mezi nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed odr\u016fdy pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Americk\u00fd buk (Fagus grandifolia):<\/strong> P\u016fvodem z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti Severn\u00ed Ameriky je americk\u00fd buk zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi velk\u00fdmi, eliptick\u00fdmi listy a hustou, zaoblenou korunou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Evropsk\u00fd buk (Fagus sylvatica):<\/strong> Podobn\u00fd americk\u00e9mu buku, evropsk\u00fd buk m\u00e1 men\u0161\u00ed listy a tmav\u0161\u00ed \u0161edou k\u016fru. Je to obl\u00edben\u00e1 volba pro krajin\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed kv\u016fli jeho hust\u00e9mu st\u00ednu a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti m\u011bstsk\u00fdm podm\u00ednk\u00e1m.<\/li>\n<li><strong>M\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd buk (Fagus sylvatica \u2018Purpurea\u2019):<\/strong> Kultivar evropsk\u00e9ho buku, m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd buk m\u00e1 m\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 nebo purpurov\u011b zbarven\u00e9 listy, kter\u00e9 na podzim z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed odst\u00edny \u010derven\u00e9 a m\u011bdi.<\/li>\n<li><strong>T\u0159\u00edbarevn\u00fd buk (Fagus sylvatica \u2018Purpurea Tricolor\u2019):<\/strong> Dal\u0161\u00ed kultivar evropsk\u00e9ho buku, t\u0159\u00edbarevn\u00fd buk m\u00e1 pestr\u00e9 listy, kter\u00e9 jsou r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9, b\u00edl\u00e9 a zelen\u00e9.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Japonsk\u00fd buk (Fagus crenata):<\/strong> P\u016fvodem z Japonska m\u00e1 japonsk\u00fd buk hladkou, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u011b \u0161edou k\u016fru a zaoblenou korunu. Je zn\u00e1m\u00fd sv\u00fdmi leskl\u00fdmi, st\u0159edn\u011b zelen\u00fdmi listy, kter\u00e9 na podzim ze\u017eloutnou.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Orient\u00e1ln\u00ed buk (Fagus orientalis):<\/strong> P\u016fvodem z v\u00fdchodn\u00ed Evropy a z\u00e1padn\u00ed Asie m\u016f\u017ee orient\u00e1ln\u00ed buk dos\u00e1hnout zral\u00e9 v\u00fd\u0161ky a\u017e 150 stop. M\u00e1 sv\u011btle zelen\u00e9 listy, kter\u00e9 se na podzim zbarvuj\u00ed do sv\u011btle \u017eluta.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Charakteristika buku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Buky sd\u00edlej\u00ed n\u011bkolik spole\u010dn\u00fdch charakteristik, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>K\u016fra:<\/strong> Mlad\u00e9 buky maj\u00ed hladkou \u0161edou k\u016fru, kter\u00e1 s dosp\u00edv\u00e1n\u00edm vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed drsn\u00e9 vertik\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u00fdhy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Listy:<\/strong> Listy buku jsou ov\u00e1ln\u00e9 a maj\u00ed zvln\u011bnou, pilovitou texturu. Obvykle jsou zelen\u00e9, ale n\u011bkter\u00e9 odr\u016fdy maj\u00ed pestr\u00e9 nebo purpurov\u00e9 listy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Plody:<\/strong> Buky vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed ostnat\u00e9 lusky, kter\u00e9 obsahuj\u00ed jedl\u00e9 o\u0159echy.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kv\u011bty:<\/strong> Buky maj\u00ed sam\u010d\u00ed i sami\u010d\u00ed kv\u011bty. Sam\u010d\u00ed kv\u011bty jsou jehn\u011bdy, kter\u00e9 uvol\u0148uj\u00ed pyl, zat\u00edmco sami\u010d\u00ed kv\u011bty vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed o\u0159echy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdhody buku<\/h2>\n\n<p>Buky nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0159adu v\u00fdhod, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>St\u00edn:<\/strong> Buky maj\u00ed hust\u00e9 olist\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 poskytuje dostatek st\u00ednu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u00dato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro divokou zv\u011b\u0159:<\/strong> Buky poskytuj\u00ed potravu a \u00fakryt pro celou \u0159adu divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e, v\u010detn\u011b pt\u00e1k\u016f, veverek a jelen\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u010ci\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vzduchu:<\/strong> Buky pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zlep\u0161ovat kvalitu vzduchu odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00edm zne\u010di\u0161\u0165uj\u00edc\u00edch l\u00e1tek z atmosf\u00e9ry.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Kontrola eroze:<\/strong> Buky maj\u00ed m\u011blk\u00e9 ko\u0159eny, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed udr\u017eet p\u016fdu na m\u00edst\u011b a zabra\u0148uj\u00ed erozi.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e9\u010de a v\u00fdsadba<\/h2>\n\n<p>O buky je relativn\u011b snadn\u00e9 pe\u010dovat, ale pro optim\u00e1ln\u00ed r\u016fst maj\u00ed specifick\u00e9 po\u017eadavky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdsadba:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vyberte m\u00edsto pro v\u00fdsadbu, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1 pln\u00e9 slunce nebo \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u00fd st\u00edn.<\/li>\n<li>Sa\u010fte buky do dob\u0159e odvodn\u011bn\u00e9 p\u016fdy, kter\u00e1 je bohat\u00e1 na organickou hmotu.<\/li>\n<li>Vykopejte j\u00e1mu, kter\u00e1 je dvakr\u00e1t \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e ko\u0159enov\u00fd bal a stejn\u011b hlubok\u00e1.<\/li>\n<li>Um\u00edst\u011bte strom do j\u00e1my a zasypte zeminou, jemn\u011b up\u011bchujte, abyste odstranili p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9 vzduchov\u00e9 kapsy.<\/li>\n<li>D\u016fkladn\u011b a pravideln\u011b zal\u00e9vejte strom, zejm\u00e9na b\u011bhem prvn\u00edho vegeta\u010dn\u00edho obdob\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u00e9\u010de:<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pravideln\u011b zal\u00e9vejte buky, zejm\u00e9na v hork\u00e9m a such\u00e9m po\u010das\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Hnojte buky jednou ro\u010dn\u011b vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fdm hnojivem.<\/li>\n<li>Mul\u010dujte kolem z\u00e1kladny stromu, abyste pomohli udr\u017eet vlhkost a potla\u010dit plevel.<\/li>\n<li>Pro\u0159ez\u00e1vejte buky podle pot\u0159eby, abyste odstranili odum\u0159el\u00e9 nebo nemocn\u00e9 v\u011btve a tvarovali strom.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed probl\u00e9my<\/h2>\n\n<p>Buky jsou n\u00e1chyln\u00e9 k n\u011bkolika \u0161k\u016fdc\u016fm a chorob\u00e1m, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bukov\u00e1 rakovina:<\/strong> Houbov\u00e1 choroba, kter\u00e1 m\u016f\u017ee zab\u00edt buky.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Bukov\u00e1 m\u0161ice:<\/strong> Hmyz, kter\u00fd m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit po\u0161kozen\u00ed list\u016f a zastaven\u00ed r\u016fstu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Japonsk\u00fd brouk:<\/strong> Hmyz, kter\u00fd se m\u016f\u017ee \u017eivit listy buku.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Buky jsou kr\u00e1sn\u00e9 a v\u0161estrann\u00e9 stromy, kter\u00e9 jsou vynikaj\u00edc\u00edm dopl\u0148kem ka\u017ed\u00e9 krajiny. Se spr\u00e1vnou p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed a \u00fadr\u017ebou mohou buky prosperovat po stalet\u00ed a poskytovat st\u00edn, \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b pro divokou zv\u011b\u0159 a dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdhody pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Buky: Pr\u016fvodce odr\u016fdami, p\u00e9\u010d\u00ed a v\u00fdhodami Co je buk? Buky jsou listnat\u00e9 stromy pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do \u010deledi bukovit\u00fdch. Jsou p\u016fvodem ze Severn\u00ed Ameriky, Evropy a Asie a jsou zn\u00e1m\u00e9 sv\u00fdm hust\u00fdm&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[15156,10068,8819,9214,15157],"class_list":["post-11192","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-botany","tag-beech-trees","tag-native-trees","tag-landscaping","tag-deciduous-trees","tag-shade-trees"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11192","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11192"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11192\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11193,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11192\/revisions\/11193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11192"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11192"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11192"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}