{"id":11217,"date":"2024-07-29T05:03:50","date_gmt":"2024-07-29T05:03:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11217"},"modified":"2024-07-29T05:03:50","modified_gmt":"2024-07-29T05:03:50","slug":"debunking-aquatic-dinosaur-nonsense","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/paleontology\/debunking-aquatic-dinosaur-nonsense\/","title":{"rendered":"Vodn\u00ed dinosau\u0159i: m\u00fdtus, nebo realita?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Paleontologick\u00fd nesmysl o vod\u011b: Odhalujeme m\u00fdtus o plavaj\u00edc\u00edch dinosaurech<\/h2>\n\n

\u0160patn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00e1 m\u00e9dia<\/h2>\n\n

Zpr\u00e1vy o vodn\u00edch dinosaurech zaplavily zpravodajstv\u00ed a zd\u016fraznily nebezpe\u010d\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9ho zpravodajstv\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepodlo\u017een\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed. P\u0159es ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 d\u016fkazy proti t\u00e9to p\u0159edstav\u011b n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed navrhli, \u017ee obrov\u0161t\u00ed dinosau\u0159i jako Apatosaurus a Allosaurus tr\u00e1vili sv\u016fj \u017eivot ve vod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Nepodlo\u017een\u00e1 hypot\u00e9za a jej\u00ed nedostatky<\/h2>\n\n

Brian J. Ford, nekvalifikovan\u00fd jedinec, tuto hypot\u00e9zu propagoval a tvrdil, \u017ee mal\u00e9 ruce dinosaur\u016f byly p\u0159izp\u016fsobeny k chyt\u00e1n\u00ed a zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed ryb. Tato my\u0161lenka v\u0161ak postr\u00e1d\u00e1 jak\u00fdkoli v\u011bdeck\u00fd z\u00e1klad. T\u00ed\u017e d\u016fkaz\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee se dinosau\u0159i vyvinuli k pohybu po sou\u0161i a jejich ruce slou\u017eily r\u016fzn\u00fdm funkc\u00edm nesouvisej\u00edc\u00edm s vodn\u00edm \u017eivotem.<\/p>\n\n

Fordova hypot\u00e9za tak\u00e9 nedok\u00e1\u017ee vysv\u011btlit vyhynut\u00ed nel\u00e9tav\u00fdch dinosaur\u016f. M\u00edsto toho, aby to p\u0159i\u010d\u00edtal environment\u00e1ln\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m, nazna\u010duje, \u017ee jejich vodn\u00ed domovy vyschly. Toto vysv\u011btlen\u00ed nen\u00ed podpo\u0159eno geologick\u00fdmi d\u016fkazy.<\/p>\n\n

Role m\u00e9di\u00ed v \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nesmysl\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Bohu\u017eel mnoho zpravodajsk\u00fdch organizac\u00ed opakovalo Fordova tvrzen\u00ed bez kritiky a vykreslovalo ho jako v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho outsidera, kter\u00fd zpochyb\u0148uje establishment. Toto zobrazen\u00ed ignorovalo skute\u010dnost, \u017ee jeho my\u0161lenky nebyly nov\u00e9 a \u017ee byly p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let d\u016fkladn\u011b vyvr\u00e1ceny.<\/p>\n\n

Rozhovor BBC4 Today s Fordem je p\u0159\u00edkladem tohoto d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00e9ho zpravodajstv\u00ed. P\u0159es snahy paleontologa Paula Barretta napravit dezinformace, moder\u00e1tor Tom Feilden p\u0159edstavil Fordovu hypot\u00e9zu jako pr\u016flomovou teorii.<\/p>\n\n

Novin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e1 selh\u00e1n\u00ed a odpov\u011bdnost za p\u0159esn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy<\/h2>\n\n

Selh\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00e9di\u00ed v tomto p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jejich nedostatku n\u00e1le\u017eit\u00e9 p\u00e9\u010de. M\u00edsto toho, aby konzultovali s n\u011bkolika kvalifikovan\u00fdmi odborn\u00edky, spol\u00e9hali se novin\u00e1\u0159i na Fordovu domn\u011blou odbornost. Nepoda\u0159ilo se jim ov\u011b\u0159it jeho pov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed ani podrobit jeho tvrzen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9mu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

V d\u016fsledku toho byla ve\u0159ejnost uvedena v omyl senza\u010dn\u00edmi titulky a zaujat\u00fdm zpravodajstv\u00edm. Zpravodajsk\u00e9 zdroje jako Daily Mail a Telegraph propagovaly Fordovy nepodlo\u017een\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, p\u0159esto\u017ee z\u00e1rove\u0148 uzn\u00e1valy jejich nedostatek v\u011bdeck\u00e9 platnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Nebezpe\u010d\u00ed nepodlo\u017een\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

\u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepodlo\u017een\u00fdch paleontologick\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje hrozbu pro ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 porozum\u011bn\u00ed v\u011bd\u011b. Kdy\u017e novin\u00e1\u0159i zesiluj\u00ed pseudov\u011bdu, podkop\u00e1vaj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bryhodnost v\u011bdeck\u00e9 komunity a vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed zmatek mezi ve\u0159ejnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam kritick\u00e9ho my\u0161len\u00ed a skepticismu<\/h2>\n\n

Je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, aby ve\u0159ejnost rozv\u00edjela kritick\u00e9 my\u0161len\u00ed a p\u0159istupovala k v\u011bdeck\u00fdm tvrzen\u00edm se skepticismem. Senza\u010dn\u00ed titulky a charismati\u010dt\u00ed jedinci by nem\u011bli b\u00fdt br\u00e1ni v\u00e1\u017en\u011b. M\u00edsto toho by \u010dten\u00e1\u0159i m\u011bli hledat v\u00edce zdroj\u016f informac\u00ed, zv\u00e1\u017eit kvalifikaci osob, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edkl\u00e1daj\u00ed tvrzen\u00ed, a vyhodnotit p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00e9 d\u016fkazy.<\/p>\n\n

Rychl\u00e9 vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed paleontology<\/h2>\n\n

Uzn\u00e1van\u00ed paleontologov\u00e9 rychle odm\u00edtli Fordovu hypot\u00e9zu jako starom\u00f3dn\u00ed nesmysl a pouk\u00e1zali na ohromuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u016fkazy proti n\u00ed. Dave Hone, Mike Taylor, Scott Hartman, Michael Habib a Don Prothero v\u0161ichni zve\u0159ejnili podrobn\u00e9 vyvr\u00e1cen\u00ed, kter\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148ovalo nedostatek v\u011bdeck\u00e9 hodnoty v Fordov\u00fdch tvrzen\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n

Historick\u00e9 precedenty dezinformac\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Toto nen\u00ed poprv\u00e9, co \u0161patn\u011b podlo\u017een\u00e1 paleontologick\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed z\u00edskala neopr\u00e1vn\u011bnou pozornost. V posledn\u00edch letech m\u00e9dia tak\u00e9 nekriticky propagovala nepodlo\u017een\u00e9 my\u0161lenky o up\u00ed\u0159\u00edch ptakoje\u0161t\u011brech a um\u011bleck\u00fdch s\u00e9pi\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n

Pot\u0159eba integrity ve v\u011bdeck\u00e9 \u017eurnalistice<\/h2>\n\n

Novin\u00e1\u0159i maj\u00ed odpov\u011bdnost za p\u0159esnou komunikaci v\u011bdy ve\u0159ejnosti. I kdy\u017e je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 informovat o nov\u00fdch a vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00edch objevech, je stejn\u011b d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 vyhnout se zesilov\u00e1n\u00ed nepodlo\u017een\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Kdy\u017e novin\u00e1\u0159i nekriticky opakuj\u00ed pseudov\u011bdu, nejen\u017ee uv\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed ve\u0159ejnost v omyl, ale tak\u00e9 naru\u0161uj\u00ed d\u016fv\u011bru ve v\u011bdeckou komunitu. Ti, kter\u00fdm z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed na v\u011bdeck\u00e9 komunikaci, maj\u00ed povinnost poukazovat na d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a propagovat p\u0159esn\u00e9 informace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Paleontologick\u00fd nesmysl o vod\u011b: Odhalujeme m\u00fdtus o plavaj\u00edc\u00edch dinosaurech \u0160patn\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy a d\u016fv\u011b\u0159iv\u00e1 m\u00e9dia Zpr\u00e1vy o vodn\u00edch dinosaurech zaplavily zpravodajstv\u00ed a zd\u016fraznily nebezpe\u010d\u00ed \u0161patn\u00e9ho zpravodajstv\u00ed a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed nepodlo\u017een\u00fdch tvrzen\u00ed. P\u0159es…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23968,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[134,7507,4851,137,124,160],"class_list":["post-11217","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-dinosaurs","tag-critical-thinking","tag-media-literacy","tag-paleontology","tag-pseudoscience","tag-science-communication"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11217","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11217"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11217\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11218,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11217\/revisions\/11218"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23968"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11217"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11217"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11217"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}