V 17. stolet\u00ed, dob\u011b, kdy byly v\u011bda a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed \u00fazce propojeny, objevovali p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdci st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed rostlinn\u00fdch a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f. To p\u0159edstavovalo v\u00fdzvu pro ty, kdo v\u011b\u0159ili v biblick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh o Noemov\u011b ar\u0161e. Jak se v\u0161echna tato nov\u011b objeven\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata mohla vej\u00edt na archu?<\/p>\n\n
Biskup John Wilkins, v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 osobnost t\u00e9 doby, se ujal \u00fakolu sladit tento v\u011bdeck\u00fd objev s biblickou autoritou. Ve sv\u00e9m d\u00edle z roku 1668 “An Essay Towards a Real Character, and a Philosophical Language” navrhl Wilkins \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed pro “ateistick\u00e9 posm\u011bv\u00e1\u010dky”, kte\u0159\u00ed zpochyb\u0148ovali pravdivost P\u00edsma.<\/p>\n\n
Wilkinsov\u00fdm kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm po\u010dinem bylo vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u016fbec prvn\u00ed biologick\u00e9 definice “druhu”. Vylou\u010den\u00edm poddruh\u016f a hybrid\u016f, jako jsou mezci, dok\u00e1zal v\u00fdrazn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit po\u010det zv\u00ed\u0159at, kter\u00e1 musela b\u00fdt na ar\u0161e um\u00edst\u011bna.<\/p>\n\n
Wilkins rozd\u011blil archu do t\u0159\u00ed pater a ka\u017ed\u00e9mu z nich p\u0159i\u0159adil konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u00fa\u010del. Spodn\u00ed patro slou\u017eilo jako p\u0159\u00edbytek pro zv\u00ed\u0159ata, st\u0159edn\u00ed patro pro jejich potravu a horn\u00ed patro bylo rozd\u011bleno mezi pt\u00e1ky a jejich potravu a tak\u00e9 mezi Noemovu rodinu a n\u00e1\u010din\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Wilkins pe\u010dliv\u011b vypo\u010d\u00edtal rozm\u011bry ka\u017ed\u00e9ho patra, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e bral v \u00favahu v\u00fd\u0161ku zv\u00ed\u0159at, mno\u017estv\u00ed pot\u0159ebn\u00e9 potravy a prostor nezbytn\u00fd pro Noemovu rodinu a jej\u00ed majetek. Do\u0161el k z\u00e1v\u011bru, \u017ee ka\u017ed\u00e9 patro m\u011blo dostate\u010dnou kapacitu pro sv\u016fj zam\u00fd\u0161len\u00fd \u00fa\u010del.<\/p>\n\n
Aby Wilkins je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce sn\u00ed\u017eil po\u010det zv\u00ed\u0159at na ar\u0161e, vynechal \u017eelvy, tulen\u011b, krokod\u00fdly a dal\u0161\u00ed tvory, kte\u0159\u00ed mohli p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt ve vod\u011b. Usoudil, \u017ee se tato zv\u00ed\u0159ata dok\u00e1\u017eou b\u011bhem potopy postarat sama o sebe.<\/p>\n\n
Wilkinsovo \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed h\u00e1danky o Noemov\u011b ar\u0161e nebylo jen chytr\u00fdm teologick\u00fdm argumentem, ale tak\u00e9 v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm v\u011bdeck\u00fdm momentem. Definov\u00e1n\u00edm “druhu” a vynech\u00e1n\u00edm poddruh\u016f polo\u017eil z\u00e1klady pro modern\u00ed taxonomii.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Noemova archa: Vy\u0159e\u0161en\u00e1 v\u011bdeck\u00e1 h\u00e1danka V\u00fdzva V 17. stolet\u00ed, dob\u011b, kdy byly v\u011bda a n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed \u00fazce propojeny, objevovali p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdci st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed rostlinn\u00fdch a \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f. To p\u0159edstavovalo v\u00fdzvu pro…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2590],"tags":[2587,2589,2588,2585,99,2586],"class_list":["post-1125","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-naturalhistory","tag-biblicalmysteries","tag-biologicaldefinitionofspecies","tag-bishopjohnwilkins","tag-noahs-ark","tag-lifescienceart","tag-scienceandreligion"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1125"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1126,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1125\/revisions\/1126"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1125"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}