{"id":11381,"date":"2019-10-20T04:45:55","date_gmt":"2019-10-20T04:45:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11381"},"modified":"2019-10-20T04:45:55","modified_gmt":"2019-10-20T04:45:55","slug":"new-carnivorous-pitcher-plant-traps-prey-underground","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/botany\/new-carnivorous-pitcher-plant-traps-prey-underground\/","title":{"rendered":"Maso\u017erav\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dkovka s podzemn\u00edm lovem ko\u0159isti objevena na Borneu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Maso\u017erav\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dkovka chyt\u00e1 ko\u0159ist pod zem\u00ed: Nov\u00fd objev<\/h2>\n\n

Objev nov\u00e9ho druhu<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci objevili v de\u0161tn\u00fdch prales\u00edch Bornea nov\u00fd druh l\u00e1\u010dkovky, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou adaptaci: chyt\u00e1 a po\u017e\u00edr\u00e1 ko\u0159ist pod zem\u00ed. Je to prvn\u00ed zaznamenan\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dkovka, kter\u00e1 se \u017eiv\u00ed pod povrchem, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fd botanick\u00fd objev.<\/p>\n\n

Rostlina s n\u00e1zvem Nepenthes pudica byla nalezena v\u011bdci, kter\u00e9 zpo\u010d\u00e1tku znepokojoval nedostatek viditeln\u00fdch l\u00e1\u010dek. Nakonec v\u0161ak narazili na ka\u0161tanov\u011b hn\u011bd\u00e9 l\u00e1\u010dky skryt\u00e9 pod zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Podzemn\u00ed l\u00e1\u010dky<\/h2>\n\n

L\u00e1\u010dky Nepenthes pudica se li\u0161\u00ed od l\u00e1\u010dek jin\u00fdch l\u00e1\u010dkovek. Vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed se pod zem\u00ed a mohou dor\u016fst a\u017e do d\u00e9lky 4,3 palce. L\u00e1\u010dky jsou siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a pevn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e nadzemn\u00ed l\u00e1\u010dky, proto\u017ee mus\u00ed p\u0159i r\u016fstu pror\u00e1\u017eet p\u016fdu a \u00falomky.<\/p>\n\n

Lapen\u00ed ko\u0159isti<\/h2>\n\n

Nepenthes pudica pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 sv\u00e9 podzemn\u00ed l\u00e1\u010dky k chyt\u00e1n\u00ed a tr\u00e1ven\u00ed mravenc\u016f, rozto\u010d\u016f, brouk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch mal\u00fdch tvor\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed pod zem\u00ed. L\u00e1\u010dky jsou vystl\u00e1ny tr\u00e1vic\u00edmi enzymy, kter\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozkl\u00e1dat ko\u0159ist pro ob\u017eivu.<\/p>\n\n

Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 adaptace<\/h2>\n\n

Nepenthes pudica je jedine\u010dn\u00e1 mezi maso\u017erav\u00fdmi rostlinami v n\u011bkolika ohledech. Za prv\u00e9, je to jedin\u00e1 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dkovka, kter\u00e1 chyt\u00e1 ko\u0159ist pod zem\u00ed. Za druh\u00e9, jej\u00ed l\u00e1\u010dky jsou v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e l\u00e1\u010dky jin\u00fdch maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin, kter\u00e9 nechytaj\u00ed ko\u0159ist pod zem\u00ed. Za t\u0159et\u00ed je endemick\u00e1 pro ur\u010ditou oblast Bornea, co\u017e z n\u00ed \u010din\u00ed prioritu ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam pro ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody<\/h2>\n\n

Objev Nepenthes pudica zd\u016fraz\u0148uje bohatou biologickou rozmanitost de\u0161tn\u00fdch prales\u016f Bornea a d\u016fle\u017eitost ochrany t\u011bchto ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f. Jedine\u010dn\u00e9 adaptace a omezen\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed rostliny ji \u010din\u00ed zranitelnou v\u016f\u010di ztr\u00e1t\u011b stanovi\u0161\u0165 a dal\u0161\u00edm hrozb\u00e1m. Prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 snahy na ochranu rostliny a jej\u00edho stanovi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdznam<\/h2>\n\n

Objev Nepenthes pudica m\u00e1 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed maso\u017erav\u00fdch rostlin a jejich evolu\u010dn\u00ed historie. Nazna\u010duje, \u017ee se l\u00e1\u010dkovky p\u0159izp\u016fsobily \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1le stanovi\u0161\u0165 a ko\u0159isti, ne\u017e se dosud p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo.<\/p>\n\n

Popis Nepenthes pudica<\/h2>\n\n

Nepenthes pudica je vytrval\u00e1 rostlina, kter\u00e1 roste v okrese Mentarang Hulu v Severn\u00edm Kalimantanu v Indon\u00e9sii. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch 3 600 a\u017e 4 265 stop nad mo\u0159em. Rostlina m\u00e1 \u00fazk\u00e9 listy a vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ka\u0161tanov\u011b hn\u011bd\u00e9 l\u00e1\u010dky, kter\u00e9 jsou skryt\u00e9 pod zem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u00e1vic\u00ed enzymy<\/h2>\n\n

Stejn\u011b jako jin\u00e9 maso\u017erav\u00e9 rostliny produkuje Nepenthes pudica tr\u00e1vic\u00ed enzymy, kter\u00e9 j\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed rozkl\u00e1dat a vst\u0159eb\u00e1vat jej\u00ed ko\u0159ist. Tyto enzymy jsou vylu\u010dov\u00e1ny do l\u00e1\u010dek a pracuj\u00ed na rozpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0159isti.<\/p>\n\n

Spektrum ko\u0159isti<\/h2>\n\n

Zjistilo se, \u017ee Nepenthes pudica lov\u00ed celou \u0159adu ko\u0159isti, v\u010detn\u011b mravenc\u016f, rozto\u010d\u016f, brouk\u016f, larev kom\u00e1r\u016f, h\u00e1\u010f\u00e1tek a dokonce i nov\u00fd druh \u010derv\u016f. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee rostlina je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm pred\u00e1torem v podzemn\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n

Ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fd status<\/h2>\n\n

Nepenthes pudica je Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed uni\u00ed pro ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody (IUCN) klasifikov\u00e1na jako zraniteln\u00fd druh. Jej\u00ed omezen\u00e9 roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a ztr\u00e1ta stanovi\u0161\u0165 ji \u010din\u00ed zranitelnou v\u016f\u010di vyhynut\u00ed. Prob\u00edhaj\u00ed ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 snahy na ochranu rostliny a jej\u00edho stanovi\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Maso\u017erav\u00e1 l\u00e1\u010dkovka chyt\u00e1 ko\u0159ist pod zem\u00ed: Nov\u00fd objev Objev nov\u00e9ho druhu V\u011bdci objevili v de\u0161tn\u00fdch prales\u00edch Bornea nov\u00fd druh l\u00e1\u010dkovky, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 jedine\u010dnou adaptaci: chyt\u00e1 a po\u017e\u00edr\u00e1 ko\u0159ist pod zem\u00ed.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1823],"tags":[15410,15409,1822,15407,15408],"class_list":["post-11381","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-botany","tag-borneo-rainforest","tag-botanical-discovery","tag-carnivorous-plants","tag-nepenthes-pudica","tag-subterranean-prey"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11381","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11381"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11381\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11382,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11381\/revisions\/11382"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11381"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11381"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11381"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}