{"id":11463,"date":"2020-08-08T21:43:21","date_gmt":"2020-08-08T21:43:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11463"},"modified":"2020-08-08T21:43:21","modified_gmt":"2020-08-08T21:43:21","slug":"denisova-11-reveals-secrets-of-human-ancestry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/anthropology\/denisova-11-reveals-secrets-of-human-ancestry\/","title":{"rendered":"Denisova 11: Odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu"},"content":{"rendered":"

Denisova 11: Odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu<\/h2>\n\n

Objev hybridn\u00edho hominida<\/h3>\n\n

V roce 2010 u\u010dinili v\u011bdci pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev v sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 jeskyni v poho\u0159\u00ed Altaj: drobn\u00fd \u00falomkek kosti, kter\u00fd pat\u0159il Denisov\u011b 11, 13let\u00e9 hybridn\u00ed hominidce s neandert\u00e1lskou matkou a denisovsk\u00fdm otcem. Tento pozoruhodn\u00fd n\u00e1lez poskytl prvn\u00ed p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00fd d\u016fkaz k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi ran\u00fdmi lidsk\u00fdmi druhy.<\/p>\n\n

Anal\u00fdza DNA odhaluje slo\u017eit\u00fd p\u016fvod<\/h3>\n\n

Pomoc\u00ed pokro\u010dil\u00fdch technik anal\u00fdzy DNA v\u011bdci analyzovali \u00falomky kost\u00ed Denisovovy 11. Objevili jedine\u010dnou kombinaci mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA, zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 po jej\u00ed matce, kter\u00e1 se podobala DNA neandert\u00e1lc\u016f, a jadern\u00e9 DNA, zd\u011bd\u011bn\u00e9 po obou rodi\u010d\u00edch, kter\u00e1 obsahovala stejn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed denisovsk\u00e9 DNA.<\/p>\n\n

Neandert\u00e1lci a denisovan\u00e9: Vzd\u00e1len\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, bl\u00edzk\u00e9 setk\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n

Neandert\u00e1lci a denisovan\u00e9, dva odli\u0161n\u00e9 druhy ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed, se vyvinuli ze spole\u010dn\u00e9ho p\u0159edka p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 390 000 lety. Zat\u00edmco neandert\u00e1lci ob\u00fdvali p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm z\u00e1padn\u00ed Eurasii, denisovan\u00e9 se pohybovali ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch oblastech. Kdy\u017e neandert\u00e1lci roz\u0161i\u0159ovali sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed na v\u00fdchod, pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b se setkali s denisovany, co\u017e vedlo k p\u0159\u00edpad\u016fm k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Denisovova 11, jej\u00ed rodina a vzorce k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n

Denisovova 11 matka byla \u00fazce p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00e1 neandert\u00e1lc\u016fm ze z\u00e1padn\u00ed Evropy, zat\u00edmco linie jej\u00edho otce poch\u00e1zela z oblasti kolem jeskyn\u011b v poho\u0159\u00ed Altaj. Anal\u00fdza DNA tak\u00e9 odhalila, \u017ee otec Denisovovy 11 m\u011bl neandert\u00e1lsk\u00e9ho p\u0159edka, co\u017e nazna\u010duje dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy.<\/p>\n\n

Mezidruhov\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eenci: \u010cast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo<\/h3>\n\n

Objev Denisovovy 11 zpochyb\u0148uje dlouho tradovanou p\u0159edstavu, \u017ee mezidruhov\u00ed k\u0159\u00ed\u017eenci byli vz\u00e1cn\u00ed. V\u011bdci nyn\u00ed nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee k\u0159\u00ed\u017eenci mohli b\u00fdt mnohem roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo.<\/p>\n\n

Genetick\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed v modern\u00edch lidech<\/h3>\n\n

Genetick\u00e9 stopy neandert\u00e1lc\u016f a denisovan\u016f jsou st\u00e1le p\u0159\u00edtomny v DNA modern\u00edch lid\u00ed. Dv\u011b procenta v\u011bt\u0161iny evropsk\u00fdch a asijsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed nesou neandert\u00e1lskou DNA, zat\u00edmco \u010dty\u0159i a\u017e \u0161est procent Melan\u00e9san\u016f m\u00e1 denisovsk\u00fd p\u016fvod.<\/p>\n\n

Jeskyn\u011b Denisova: Pokladnice antropologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f<\/h3>\n\n

Jeskyn\u011b v poho\u0159\u00ed Altaj p\u0159inesla celou \u0159adu antropologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b \u00falomk\u016f kost\u00ed neandert\u00e1lc\u016f, denisovan\u016f a Denisovovy 11. Tyto objevy poskytly neoceniteln\u00e9 poznatky o lidsk\u00e9 evoluci a slo\u017eit\u00fdch interakc\u00edch mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy hominin\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed na lidsk\u00e9 d\u011bjiny<\/h3>\n\n

K\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi neandert\u00e1lci, denisovany a modern\u00edmi lidmi m\u011blo v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad na na\u0161i evolu\u010dn\u00ed trajektorii. V\u00fdm\u011bna genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu p\u0159isp\u011bla k rozmanitosti lidsk\u00fdch populac\u00ed a mohla ovlivnit na\u0161i p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost r\u016fzn\u00fdm prost\u0159ed\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam Denisovovy 11<\/h3>\n\n

Denisovova 11 je kl\u00ed\u010dovou postavou v historii lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Jej\u00ed \u00falomky kost\u00ed poskytly bohat\u00e9 informace o k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed mezi druhy, genetick\u00e9 rozmanitosti a slo\u017eit\u00fdch vztaz\u00edch mezi ran\u00fdmi lidsk\u00fdmi druhy.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a budouc\u00ed objevy<\/h3>\n\n

Objev Denisovovy 11 otev\u0159el nov\u00e9 cesty v\u00fdzkumu lidsk\u00e9 evoluce. Sou\u010dasn\u00e9 studie se zam\u011b\u0159uj\u00ed na anal\u00fdzu dal\u0161\u00edho genetick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu z Denisovovy 11 a dal\u0161\u00edch hybridn\u00edch hominin\u016f, aby z\u00edskaly hlub\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed genetick\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f k\u0159\u00ed\u017een\u00ed a jeho dopadu na lidskou adaptaci.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Denisova 11: Odhalen\u00ed tajemstv\u00ed lidsk\u00e9ho p\u016fvodu Objev hybridn\u00edho hominida V roce 2010 u\u010dinili v\u011bdci pr\u016flomov\u00fd objev v sibi\u0159sk\u00e9 jeskyni v poho\u0159\u00ed Altaj: drobn\u00fd \u00falomkek kosti, kter\u00fd pat\u0159il Denisov\u011b 11, 13let\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1022],"tags":[15514,15517,188,15515,15518,487,15516,1568],"class_list":["post-11463","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-anthropology","tag-denisova-11","tag-denisovan","tag-genetics","tag-hybrid-hominin","tag-interspecies-breeding","tag-human-evolution","tag-neanderthal","tag-paleoanthropology"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11463","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11463"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11463\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11464,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11463\/revisions\/11464"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11463"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11463"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11463"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}