{"id":11534,"date":"2022-03-11T13:47:52","date_gmt":"2022-03-11T13:47:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11534"},"modified":"2022-03-11T13:47:52","modified_gmt":"2022-03-11T13:47:52","slug":"company-towns-good-bad-ugly","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/company-towns-good-bad-ugly\/","title":{"rendered":"Podnikov\u00e1 m\u011bsta: Dobr\u00e1, \u0161patn\u00e1 a o\u0161kliv\u00e1"},"content":{"rendered":"

Podnikov\u00e1 m\u011bsta: Dobr\u00e1, \u0161patn\u00e1 a o\u0161kliv\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Definice a historie<\/h2>\n\n

Podnikov\u00e1 m\u011bsta jsou komunity vybudovan\u00e9 a kontrolovan\u00e9 podniky. B\u011bhem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce vznikala po cel\u00fdch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, zejm\u00e9na v odv\u011btv\u00edch jako textil, uhl\u00ed a ocel.<\/p>\n\n

Dobr\u00e1: Idylick\u00e1 m\u011bsta<\/h2>\n\n

N\u011bkter\u00e1 podnikov\u00e1 m\u011bsta, jako Hershey v Pensylv\u00e1nii a Corning v New Yorku, byla navr\u017eena jako r\u00e1je pro d\u011bln\u00edky. Hershey poskytoval sv\u00fdm zam\u011bstnanc\u016fm pohodln\u00e9 bydlen\u00ed, vybaven\u00ed a dokonce i z\u00e1bavn\u00ed park. Corning hodn\u011b investoval do bydlen\u00ed, rekreace a sv\u011btov\u011b proslul\u00e9ho skl\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9ho muzea.<\/p>\n\n

\u0160patn\u00e1: V\u011bzen\u00ed chudoby<\/h2>\n\n

T\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed m\u011bsta, zejm\u00e9na v Kentucky a Z\u00e1padn\u00ed Virginii, byla \u010dasto prav\u00fdm opakem idyly. Drsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky, chudoba a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed byly na denn\u00edm po\u0159\u00e1dku. D\u011bln\u00edci \u017eili v chatr\u010d\u00edch, m\u00edsto skute\u010dn\u00fdch pen\u011bz dost\u00e1vali pouk\u00e1zky a byli nuceni kupovat zbo\u017e\u00ed za p\u0159emr\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 ceny v podnikov\u00fdch obchodech.<\/p>\n\n

O\u0161kliv\u00e1: Pracovn\u00ed spory<\/h2>\n\n

Vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edk\u016f v podnikov\u00fdch m\u011bstech vedlo k rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdm pracovn\u00edm nepokoj\u016fm. V roce 1894 se stala st\u00e1vka v Pullmanu ve st\u00e1t\u011b Illinois jedn\u00edm z nejslavn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch organizovan\u00fdch pracovn\u00edch konflikt\u016f v historii USA. St\u00e1vka vy\u00fastila v n\u00e1sil\u00ed, st\u00e1tn\u00ed z\u00e1sah a vznik Dne pr\u00e1ce jako n\u00e1rodn\u00edho sv\u00e1tku.<\/p>\n\n

Legend\u00e1rn\u00ed podnikov\u00e1 m\u011bsta<\/h2>\n\n

Lowell, Massachusetts: Prvn\u00ed pl\u00e1novan\u00e1 pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 komunita<\/h2>\n\n

Lowell, zalo\u017een\u00fd na po\u010d\u00e1tku 19. stolet\u00ed, byl prvn\u00ed rozs\u00e1hlou pl\u00e1novanou pr\u016fmyslovou komunitou ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Spol\u00e9halo se na vodn\u00ed energii k pohonu sv\u00fdch textiln\u00edch tov\u00e1ren a verbovalo mlad\u00e9, svobodn\u00e9 \u017eeny jako d\u011blnice. Dnes mohou n\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci prozkoumat n\u00e1rodn\u00ed historick\u00fd park Lowell a dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce o jeho historii.<\/p>\n\n

Hershey, Pensylv\u00e1nie: \u010cokol\u00e1dov\u00fd r\u00e1j<\/h2>\n\n

Milton Hershey zalo\u017eil Hershey v roce 1903 jako vzorov\u00e9 podnikov\u00e9 m\u011bsto. Poskytl d\u011bln\u00edk\u016fm pohodln\u00e9 bydlen\u00ed, vybaven\u00ed a nedalek\u00fd z\u00e1bavn\u00ed park. Dnes je Hershey st\u00e1le prosperuj\u00edc\u00edm podnikov\u00fdm m\u011bstem s kvetouc\u00edm turistick\u00fdm ruchem.<\/p>\n\n

Pullman, Illinois: Rozd\u011blen\u00e9 \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed m\u011bsto<\/h2>\n\n

Pullman byl postaven Georgem Pullmanem v 80. letech 19. stolet\u00ed, aby ubytoval d\u011bln\u00edky pro jeho spole\u010dnost vyr\u00e1b\u011bj\u00edc\u00ed \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00ed vozy. M\u011bsto bylo rozd\u011bleno podle rasov\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e \u010derno\u0161\u0161t\u00ed d\u011bln\u00edci \u010delili diskriminaci a ni\u017e\u0161\u00edm mzd\u00e1m. V roce 1894 vedla st\u00e1vka v Pullmanu k rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9mu n\u00e1sil\u00ed a st\u00e1tn\u00edmu z\u00e1sahu.<\/p>\n\n

Lynch, Kentucky: \u00dapadek t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edho m\u011bsta<\/h2>\n\n

Lynch, kdysi ru\u0161n\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed m\u011bsto, je nyn\u00ed pouh\u00fdm st\u00ednem sv\u00e9 b\u00fdval\u00e9 sl\u00e1vy. Jeho uheln\u00fd d\u016fl je uzav\u0159en a po\u010det obyvatel se sn\u00ed\u017eil. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci mohou prozkoumat podzemn\u00ed d\u016fln\u00ed prohl\u00eddku Portal 31 a dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce o t\u011b\u017eebn\u00ed historii m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n

Corning, New York: Mekka skl\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Corning je historick\u00e9 i modern\u00ed podnikov\u00e9 m\u011bsto. A\u010dkoli nebylo zalo\u017eeno spole\u010dnost\u00ed Corning Glass Works, stalo se jej\u00edm hlavn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjemcem v polovin\u011b 20. stolet\u00ed. Spole\u010dnost hodn\u011b investovala do m\u011bsta, v\u010detn\u011b zalo\u017een\u00ed Corning Museum of Glass, kter\u00e9 je nyn\u00ed sv\u011btov\u011b proslul\u00e9 svou sb\u00edrkou sklen\u011bn\u00e9ho um\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed podnikov\u00fdch m\u011bst<\/h2>\n\n

Podnikov\u00e1 m\u011bsta sehr\u00e1la v\u00fdznamnou roli ve v\u00fdvoji americk\u00e9 ekonomiky. Zat\u00edmco n\u011bkter\u00e1 byla vzorov\u00fdmi komunitami, jin\u00e1 byla m\u00edstem vyko\u0159is\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed a zneu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Dnes st\u00e1le existuje n\u011bkolik podnikov\u00fdch m\u011bst, zat\u00edmco jin\u00e1 zmizela v historii. Pou\u010den\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00e1 z podnikov\u00fdch m\u011bst nad\u00e1le utv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed pracovn\u00ed vztahy a politiku soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Podnikov\u00e1 m\u011bsta: Dobr\u00e1, \u0161patn\u00e1 a o\u0161kliv\u00e1 Definice a historie Podnikov\u00e1 m\u011bsta jsou komunity vybudovan\u00e9 a kontrolovan\u00e9 podniky. B\u011bhem pr\u016fmyslov\u00e9 revoluce vznikala po cel\u00fdch Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech, zejm\u00e9na v odv\u011btv\u00edch jako textil,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[15604,15602,15603,15605,823],"class_list":["post-11534","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-labor-relations","tag-company-towns","tag-industrial-history","tag-social-welfare","tag-urban-planning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11534","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11534"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11534\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11535,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11534\/revisions\/11535"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11534"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11534"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11534"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}