{"id":11550,"date":"2020-07-06T17:16:19","date_gmt":"2020-07-06T17:16:19","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11550"},"modified":"2020-07-06T17:16:19","modified_gmt":"2020-07-06T17:16:19","slug":"bee-populations-in-decline-a-global-crisis","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology\/bee-populations-in-decline-a-global-crisis\/","title":{"rendered":"Pokles populace v\u010del: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krize"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pokles v\u010del\u00edch populac\u00ed: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krize<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dabytek pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010del<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v \u010dasopise One Earth odhalila \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed pokles po\u010dtu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010del po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u011bdci analyzovali miliony z\u00e1znam\u016f z muzejn\u00edch exempl\u00e1\u0159\u016f, soukrom\u00fdch sb\u00edrek a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed ob\u010dansk\u00fdch v\u011bdc\u016f, aby sledovali rozmanitost druh\u016f v\u010del v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu. Jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b \u010dtvrtina druh\u016f v\u010del nebyla v\u011bdci pozorov\u00e1na ji\u017e asi 30 let.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam v\u010del<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u010dely hraj\u00ed v na\u0161em ekosyst\u00e9mu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli, kdy\u017e opyluj\u00ed p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 85 % plodin ur\u010den\u00fdch pro potraviny. A\u010dkoli medonosn\u00e9 v\u010dely z\u00edsk\u00e1vaj\u00ed nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pozornost, existuje ve skute\u010dnosti p\u0159es 20 000 druh\u016f v\u010del po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, z nich\u017e 4 000 druh\u016f je p\u016fvodn\u00edch ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech. Populace divok\u00fdch v\u010del mohou doplnit ztr\u00e1ty v komer\u010dn\u00edch \u00falech medonosn\u00fdch v\u010del a zajistit tak nep\u0159etr\u017eitou produkci na\u0161ich potravinov\u00fdch z\u00e1sob.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed pokles<\/h2>\n\n<p>Studie zjistila, \u017ee v\u010del\u00ed populace klesaj\u00ed v\u0161ude krom\u011b Austr\u00e1lie a Antarktidy. Tento pokles je obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd v Evrop\u011b a Severn\u00ed Americe, kde bylo pozorov\u00e1no o 25 % m\u00e9n\u011b druh\u016f v\u010del v obdob\u00ed mezi lety 2006 a 2015 ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s obdob\u00edm p\u0159ed rokem 1990.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Omezen\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed studie jsou omezena dostupnost\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f. V\u011bt\u0161ina pou\u017eit\u00fdch \u00fadaj\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed z Evropy a Severn\u00ed Ameriky, zat\u00edmco z jin\u00fdch oblast\u00ed je k dispozici m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fadaj\u016f. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee pokles v\u010del\u00edch populac\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt je\u0161t\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed v oblastech, kde \u00fadaje chyb\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Faktory p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed k poklesu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pokles v\u010del\u00edch populac\u00ed je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b zp\u016fsoben kombinac\u00ed faktor\u016f, mezi n\u011b\u017e pat\u0159\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Ztr\u00e1ta stanovi\u0161\u0165 v d\u016fsledku urbanizace a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Zm\u011bna klimatu<\/li>\n<li>Invazivn\u00ed druhy<\/li>\n<li>Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Nemoci<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u011bda a sd\u00edlen\u00ed dat<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u011bda m\u016f\u017ee hr\u00e1t z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010del\u00edch populac\u00ed a identifikaci oblast\u00ed poklesu. V\u011bdci vyz\u00fdvaj\u00ed instituce, aby zp\u0159\u00edstupnily sv\u00e9 \u00fadaje online pro budouc\u00ed anal\u00fdzy a aby se ve\u0159ejnost zapojila do monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed divok\u00fdch v\u010del.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Individu\u00e1ln\u00ed opat\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed syst\u00e9mov\u00fdch hrozeb pro v\u010del\u00ed populace jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed zm\u011bny politiky, jednotlivci mohou tak\u00e9 u\u010dinit mal\u00e1 rozhodnut\u00ed, aby pomohli divok\u00fdm v\u010del\u00e1m ve sv\u00e9 oblasti:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vysa\u010fte do sv\u00e9 zahrady kv\u011btiny p\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 pro v\u010dely<\/li>\n<li>Nechte sv\u016fj tr\u00e1vn\u00edk r\u016fst o n\u011bco d\u00e9le<\/li>\n<li>Vyhn\u011bte se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pesticid\u016f<\/li>\n<li>Podpo\u0159te organizace, kter\u00e9 pracuj\u00ed na ochran\u011b v\u010del<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pokles v\u010del\u00edch populac\u00ed p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro na\u0161e z\u00e1sobov\u00e1n\u00ed potravinami a n\u00e1\u0161 ekosyst\u00e9m. Pochopen\u00edm p\u0159\u00ed\u010din tohoto poklesu a p\u0159ijet\u00edm opat\u0159en\u00ed na ochranu v\u010del m\u016f\u017eeme pomoci zajistit zdravou budoucnost jak pro v\u010dely, tak pro lidstvo.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pokles v\u010del\u00edch populac\u00ed: Glob\u00e1ln\u00ed krize \u00dabytek pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010del Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e1 v \u010dasopise One Earth odhalila \u0161okuj\u00edc\u00ed pokles po\u010dtu pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed v\u010del po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u011bdci analyzovali miliony z\u00e1znam\u016f z muzejn\u00edch&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[395,254,219,2977,401,1141,252,2604,97,283],"class_list":["post-11550","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology","tag-biodiversity","tag-wildlife","tag-ecology","tag-insects","tag-conservation","tag-pollinators","tag-nature","tag-bees","tag-science","tag-environment"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11550","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11550"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11550\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11551,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11550\/revisions\/11551"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11550"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11550"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11550"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}