Pomoc\u00ed dru\u017eicov\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f v\u011bdci objevili novou kolonii tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Antarktid\u011b. Tato kolonie, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na Verlegerov\u011b mysu, zvy\u0161uje celkov\u00fd po\u010det zn\u00e1m\u00fdch koloni\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch na 66 pod\u00e9l antarktick\u00e9ho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Dru\u017eice hr\u00e1ly z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i objevov\u00e1n\u00ed poloviny v\u0161ech zn\u00e1m\u00fdch koloni\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch. Jejich schopnost po\u0159izovat sn\u00edmky s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm odlehl\u00fdch oblast\u00ed umo\u017enila v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm tyto kolonie lokalizovat, proto\u017ee jsou \u010dasto obt\u00ed\u017en\u011b dostupn\u00e9 pozemn\u00edmi metodami.<\/p>\n\n
Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci c\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed vynikaj\u00ed mezi jin\u00fdmi druhy tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f sv\u00fdmi rozmno\u017eovac\u00edmi n\u00e1vyky. Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed hn\u00edzd\u00ed b\u011bhem letn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f, se tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci c\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed rozmno\u017euj\u00ed b\u011bhem drsn\u00fdch antarktick\u00fdch zim. K rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed se tak\u00e9 spol\u00e9haj\u00ed na mo\u0159sk\u00fd led, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b zraniteln\u00fdmi v\u016f\u010di zm\u011bn\u011b klimatu.<\/p>\n\n
Ztr\u00e1ta mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu v d\u016fsledku stoupaj\u00edc\u00edch glob\u00e1ln\u00edch teplot p\u0159edstavuje pro tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ky c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu. Studie proveden\u00e1 v roce 2021 odhadla, \u017ee 70 % koloni\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch by mohlo do roku 2050 vyhynout a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 98 % by se do konce stolet\u00ed mohlo st\u00e1t t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyhynul\u00fdmi.<\/p>\n\n
Pro ochranu tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch a jejich stanovi\u0161t\u011b je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed vyvinout ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed. Mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed svaz ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody za\u0159adil tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ky c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9 mezi \u201et\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 ohro\u017een\u00e9\u201c a slu\u017eba pro ryby a divokou zv\u011b\u0159 Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1t\u016f je za\u0159adila na seznam ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f podle z\u00e1kona o ohro\u017een\u00fdch druz\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci c\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed jsou snadno rozpoznateln\u00ed podle sv\u00e9ho vysok\u00e9ho \u010dernob\u00edl\u00e9ho ope\u0159en\u00ed a \u017elut\u00fdch u\u0161n\u00edch skvrn. Jsou jedin\u00fdm druhem tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se rozmno\u017euj\u00ed b\u011bhem antarktick\u00e9 zimy. V t\u00e9to dob\u011b samci inkubuj\u00ed vejce na sv\u00fdch nohou a chr\u00e1n\u00ed je p\u0159ed chladem speci\u00e1ln\u00edm l\u00edhn\u011bn\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n
Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci c\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed jsou pro rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed siln\u011b z\u00e1visl\u00ed na mo\u0159sk\u00e9m ledu. Ztr\u00e1ta mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu v d\u016fsledku zm\u011bny klimatu naru\u0161uje jejich rozmno\u017eovac\u00ed cyklus a sni\u017euje jejich p\u0159\u00edstup k potrav\u011b, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di pred\u00e1tor\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n
Dru\u017eice jsou i nad\u00e1le neoceniteln\u00fdm n\u00e1strojem pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed populac\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch a studium jejich chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Sn\u00edmky s vysok\u00fdm rozli\u0161en\u00edm z dru\u017eic umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk\u016fm sledovat velikost kolonie, monitorovat \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost rozmno\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed a posuzovat dopady zm\u011bny klimatu na tyto majest\u00e1tn\u00ed pt\u00e1ky.<\/p>\n\n
V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 kolonie na Verlegerov\u011b mysu to byla p\u0159\u00edtomnost guana neboli trusu tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e1 p\u016fvodn\u011b upoutala pozornost v\u011bdc\u016f. Tato hn\u011bd\u00e1 skvrna uprost\u0159ed nedot\u010den\u00e9ho ledu nazna\u010dovala p\u0159\u00edtomnost tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f, co\u017e vedlo k n\u00e1sledn\u00e9mu potvrzen\u00ed kolonie.<\/p>\n\n
Zm\u011bna klimatu je hlavn\u00edm probl\u00e9mem pro tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ky c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00e9. Ztr\u00e1ta mo\u0159sk\u00e9ho ledu, jejich hlavn\u00edho rozmno\u017eovac\u00edho biotopu, p\u0159edstavuje v\u00e1\u017enou hrozbu pro jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Jak budou glob\u00e1ln\u00ed teploty nad\u00e1le stoupat, budoucnost koloni\u00ed tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 nejist\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n
Ochrana tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch a jejich stanovi\u0161t\u011b vy\u017eaduje spole\u010dn\u00e9 ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed. Z\u00e1sadn\u00ed je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed emis\u00ed sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f s c\u00edlem zm\u00edrnit zm\u011bnu klimatu. Krom\u011b toho m\u016f\u017ee zalo\u017een\u00ed mo\u0159sk\u00fdch chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00fdch \u00fazem\u00ed a zaveden\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch ryb\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch praktik pomoci ochr\u00e1nit jejich potravinov\u00e9 zdroje.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1ci c\u00edsa\u0159\u0161t\u00ed: Kolonie objeven\u00e1 z vesm\u00edru Objev nov\u00e9 kolonie Pomoc\u00ed dru\u017eicov\u00fdch sn\u00edmk\u016f v\u011bdci objevili novou kolonii tu\u010d\u0148\u00e1k\u016f c\u00edsa\u0159sk\u00fdch v z\u00e1padn\u00ed Antarktid\u011b. Tato kolonie, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed na Verlegerov\u011b mysu, zvy\u0161uje…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[721,254,401,889,15641,34],"class_list":["post-11563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-antarctica","tag-wildlife","tag-conservation","tag-satellite-imagery","tag-emperor-penguins","tag-climate-change"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11563","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11563"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11563\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11564,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11563\/revisions\/11564"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11563"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11563"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11563"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}