\u017d\u00e1by jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi adaptacemi, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed prosperovat jak ve vodn\u00edm, tak suchozemsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jednou z jejich nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed jsou jejich lepkav\u00e9 jazyky, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k chyt\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu s neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed a efektivitou.<\/p>\n\n
Tajemstv\u00ed za lepivost\u00ed \u017eab\u00edho jazyka spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jeho slin\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9 fyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed vlastnosti. Na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch newtonovsk\u00fdch tekutin, kter\u00e9 se chovaj\u00ed konzistentn\u011b za r\u016fzn\u00fdch podm\u00ednek, jsou \u017eab\u00ed sliny nenewtonskou tekutinou. To znamen\u00e1, \u017ee jejich viskozita nebo odpor v\u016f\u010di toku se m\u011bn\u00ed v z\u00e1vislosti na sil\u00e1ch, kter\u00e9 na n\u011b p\u016fsob\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Kdy\u017e \u017eab\u00ed jazyk zas\u00e1hne hmyz, n\u00e1raz zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee se sliny z\u0159ed\u00ed, co\u017e jim umo\u017en\u00ed roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159it se kolem ko\u0159isti jako kapalina. Tyto \u0159\u00eddk\u00e9 sliny pom\u00e1haj\u00ed jazyku nav\u00e1zat kontakt s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed povrchovou plochou, co\u017e zvy\u0161uje p\u0159ilnavost.<\/p>\n\n
Kdy\u017e se jazyk st\u00e1hne, sliny op\u011bt zhoustnou do l\u00e1tky podobn\u00e9 lepidlu a pevn\u011b p\u0159ipevn\u00ed hmyz k jazyku. Tato reverzibiln\u00ed vlastnost slin umo\u017e\u0148uje \u017e\u00e1by snadno chytat a konzumovat svou ko\u0159ist.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b sv\u00fdch nenewtonsk\u00fdch slin hraje p\u0159i chyt\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli tak\u00e9 samotn\u00fd \u017eab\u00ed jazyk. \u017dab\u00ed jazyky jsou mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b m\u011bkk\u00e9 a elastick\u00e9, co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje deformovat se a p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se tvaru hmyzu, na kter\u00fd m\u00ed\u0159\u00ed. Tato zv\u011bt\u0161en\u00e1 kontaktn\u00ed plocha d\u00e1le zvy\u0161uje p\u0159ilnavost slin.<\/p>\n\n
Kombinace m\u011bkk\u00e9ho jazyka a nenewtonsk\u00fdch slin vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed vysoce \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fd mechanismus pro chyt\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu. \u0158idk\u00e9 sliny umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed jazyku nav\u00e1zat po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed kontakt, zat\u00edmco houstnouc\u00ed sliny zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 uchopen\u00ed ko\u0159isti.<\/p>\n\n
Unik\u00e1tn\u00ed vlastnosti \u017eab\u00edch slin inspirovaly v\u011bdce, aby zkoumali potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed aplikace p\u0159i v\u00fdvoji nov\u00fdch lepidel. Tato lepidla by mohla m\u00edt \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu pou\u017eit\u00ed, od znovu uzav\u00edrateln\u00fdch ob\u00e1lek a\u017e po l\u00e9ka\u0159sk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstroje, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eaduj\u00ed silnou a reverzibiln\u00ed p\u0159ilnavost.<\/p>\n\n
Pochopen\u00edm mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za p\u0159ilnavost\u00ed \u017eab\u00edho jazyka, doufaj\u00ed v\u011bdci, \u017ee vytvo\u0159\u00ed syntetick\u00e1 lepidla, kter\u00e1 napodobuj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00e9 vlastnosti \u017eab\u00edch slin. Tato lepidla by mohla m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro pr\u016fmyslov\u00e1 odv\u011btv\u00ed, jako je balen\u00ed, v\u00fdroba a zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de.<\/p>\n\n
\u017d\u00e1by jsou jen jedn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem mnoha \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch adaptac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed ve sv\u011bt\u011b oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f. Oboj\u017eiveln\u00edci vyvinuli rozmanitou \u0161k\u00e1lu fyzick\u00fdch a behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch rys\u016f, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed p\u0159e\u017e\u00edt v \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1le biotop\u016f, od tropick\u00fdch de\u0161tn\u00fdch prales\u016f a\u017e po such\u00e9 pou\u0161t\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Studium \u017eab\u00edch jazyk\u016f a dal\u0161\u00edch adaptac\u00ed oboj\u017eiveln\u00edk\u016f nejen poskytuje poznatky o p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b, ale tak\u00e9 inspiruje nov\u00e9 technologie a pokroky v oblastech, jako je v\u011bda o materi\u00e1lech a in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
\u017dab\u00ed jazyk: Tajn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 pro chyt\u00e1n\u00ed hmyzu \u017d\u00e1by jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi adaptacemi, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed prosperovat jak ve vodn\u00edm, tak suchozemsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Jednou z jejich nejpozoruhodn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch vlastnost\u00ed jsou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[332,329,334,331,330,333,328],"class_list":["post-116","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-adhesion","tag-insect-capture","tag-nature-innovation","tag-soft-tongues","tag-non-newtonian-fluids","tag-amphibians","tag-frog-tongues"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=116"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":117,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/116\/revisions\/117"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=116"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=116"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=116"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}