{"id":11684,"date":"2023-05-23T15:10:12","date_gmt":"2023-05-23T15:10:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11684"},"modified":"2023-05-23T15:10:12","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T15:10:12","slug":"hominin-scavenging-in-the-late-early-pleistocene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/paleoanthropology\/hominin-scavenging-in-the-late-early-pleistocene\/","title":{"rendered":"Mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed hominin\u016f: D\u00e1vn\u00e1 strategie p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">## mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed hominin\u016f v pozdn\u00edm obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho pleistoc\u00e9nu: behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed adaptace<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strava ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed a role mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Po miliony let se na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 hominid\u00e9 spol\u00e9hali na rozmanitou stravu, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala jak lov, tak mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed. Mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed, tj. konzumace poz\u016fstatk\u016f zv\u00ed\u0159at zabit\u00fdch jin\u00fdmi pred\u00e1tory, bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b kl\u00ed\u010dovou strategi\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v obdob\u00edch, kdy byl lov m\u00e9n\u011b \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed po\u010d\u00edta\u010dov\u00e9 simulace zkoumal proveditelnost mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed jako \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 strategie pro ran\u00e9 lidi. Studie se zam\u011b\u0159ila na obdob\u00ed pozdn\u00edho ran\u00e9ho pleistoc\u00e9nu, p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b p\u0159ed 1,2 milionu a\u017e 800 000 lety, na Pyrenejsk\u00e9m poloostrov\u011b v ji\u017en\u00ed Evrop\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci modelovali p\u0159\u00edjem energie a konkurenci mezi hominidy a ob\u0159\u00edmi hyenami, ob\u00e1van\u00fdm druhem mrcho\u017erout\u016f. Zjistili, \u017ee mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed bylo nej\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, kdy\u017e:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Hustota pred\u00e1tor\u016f byla vysok\u00e1, co\u017e vedlo k v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dostupnosti mr\u0161in<\/li>\n<li>Hominid\u00e9 spolupracovali ve skupin\u00e1ch nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u011bti jedinc\u016f, aby se ubr\u00e1nili konkurent\u016fm<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce<\/h2>\n\n<p>Simulace zd\u016fraznily z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli soci\u00e1ln\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce v \u00fasp\u011bchu mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed hominin\u016f. Skupiny p\u011bti a v\u00edce jedinc\u016f byly schopny zahnat osam\u011bl\u00e9 ob\u0159\u00ed hyeny a zajistit si v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pod\u00edl dostupn\u00fdch mr\u0161in. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed mohlo p\u0159isp\u011bt k rozvoji soci\u00e1ln\u00ed organizace u ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed jako kognitivn\u00ed a behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdzva<\/h2>\n\n<p>Na rozd\u00edl od b\u011b\u017en\u00e9ho vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed jako jednoduch\u00e9ho chov\u00e1n\u00ed studie nazna\u010duje, \u017ee vy\u017eadovalo sofistikovan\u00e9 kognitivn\u00ed a behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed schopnosti. Hominid\u00e9 museli:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Vyhodnotit rizika a odm\u011bny mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Komunikovat a koordinovat sv\u00e9 akce<\/li>\n<li>Br\u00e1nit svou ko\u0159ist p\u0159ed konkurenty<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">P\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed role mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed v lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkum zpochyb\u0148uje tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1zor, \u017ee mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed je m\u00e9n\u011b pokro\u010dil\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed ne\u017e lov. Demonstruje, \u017ee mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed mohlo poskytnout v\u00fdznamn\u00fd zdroj potravy pro ran\u00e9 lidi, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed v\u00fdvojem pokro\u010dil\u00fdch loveck\u00fdch zbran\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace pro lidskou evoluci<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tato studie m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik d\u016fsledk\u016f pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 evoluce:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed mohlo hr\u00e1t z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v dietn\u00edch a behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch adaptac\u00edch ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Pot\u0159eba spolupr\u00e1ce p\u0159i mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed mohla podpo\u0159it v\u00fdvoj soci\u00e1ln\u00ed organizace a komunika\u010dn\u00edch dovednost\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li>Schopnost vyu\u017e\u00edvat mr\u0161iny zanechan\u00e9 jin\u00fdmi pred\u00e1tory mohla d\u00e1t hominid\u016fm konkuren\u010dn\u00ed v\u00fdhodu v drsn\u00fdch prost\u0159ed\u00edch.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a budouc\u00ed sm\u011bry<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zat\u00edmco studie poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o chov\u00e1n\u00ed mrcho\u017erout\u016f hominin\u016f, je t\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, kter\u00fd prozkoum\u00e1 n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dynamiku a komunika\u010dn\u00ed strategie pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9 hominidy b\u011bhem mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>Vliv environment\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f, jako je klima a vegetace, na \u00fasp\u011bch mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>\u00dalohu mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed v p\u0159echodu od ran\u00fdch hominin\u016f k modern\u00edm lidem<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00edm ve zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed mnohostrann\u00e9 povahy mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed hominin\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme z\u00edskat hlub\u0161\u00ed pochopen\u00ed komplexn\u00edch behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch a kognitivn\u00edch adaptac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 utv\u00e1\u0159ely na\u0161i evolu\u010dn\u00ed cestu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>## mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed hominin\u016f v pozdn\u00edm obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho pleistoc\u00e9nu: behavior\u00e1ln\u00ed adaptace Strava ran\u00fdch lid\u00ed a role mrcho\u017eroutstv\u00ed Po miliony let se na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 hominid\u00e9 spol\u00e9hali na rozmanitou stravu, kter\u00e1 zahrnovala jak&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15800],"tags":[15798,2097,487,15797,15796,15799],"class_list":["post-11684","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paleoanthropology","tag-behavioral-adaptations","tag-cognitive-abilities","tag-human-evolution","tag-late-early-pleistocene","tag-hominin-scavenging","tag-social-cooperation"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11684","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11684"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11684\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11685,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11684\/revisions\/11685"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11684"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11684"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11684"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}