V roce 2016 objevili v\u011bdci pozoruhodnou schopnost u slep\u00e9 jeskynn\u00ed ryby zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako jeskynn\u00ed and\u011blsk\u00e1 ryba. Tento jedine\u010dn\u00fd druh um\u00ed chodit po sou\u0161i jako mlok, a to pomoc\u00ed v\u0161ech \u010dty\u0159 sv\u00fdch kon\u010detin.<\/p>\n\n
Tajemstv\u00ed jeskynn\u00ed and\u011blsk\u00e9 ryby spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v jej\u00ed neobvykl\u00e9 anatomii. CT vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed uk\u00e1zalo, \u017ee m\u00e1 p\u00e1nev a p\u00e1te\u0159 podobnou suchozemsk\u00fdm \u017eivo\u010dich\u016fm, co\u017e poskytuje n\u00e1hled do toho, jak se na\u0161i vodn\u00ed p\u0159edkov\u00e9 mohli vyvinout k ch\u016fzi po sou\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci nyn\u00ed objevili, \u017ee alespo\u0148 dal\u0161\u00edch deset druh\u016f st\u0159evl\u00edk\u016f, p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch jeskynn\u00ed and\u011blsk\u00e9 ryby, sd\u00edl\u00ed stejnou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed anatomii a mo\u017en\u00e1 tak\u00e9 dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed chodit po sou\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n
Pomoc\u00ed CT vy\u0161et\u0159en\u00ed a anal\u00fdzy DNA v\u011bdci porovnali anatomii 30 druh\u016f st\u0159evl\u00edk\u016f. Zjistili, \u017ee deset druh\u016f m\u011blo stejn\u011b robustn\u00ed spojen\u00ed mezi sv\u00fdmi p\u00e1nevn\u00edmi strukturami a p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed jako jeskynn\u00ed and\u011blsk\u00e1 ryba.<\/p>\n\n
Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee v\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee siln\u00e1 p\u00e1nev se pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyvinula v\u00edcekr\u00e1t v r\u00e1mci \u010deledi st\u0159evl\u00edk\u016f, m\u00edsto aby byla p\u0159ed\u00e1na jedin\u00fdm p\u0159edkem. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee schopnost chodit po sou\u0161i se vyvinula nez\u00e1visle u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f \u010del\u00edc\u00edch podobn\u00fdm environment\u00e1ln\u00edm tlak\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n
Jeskynn\u00ed and\u011blsk\u00e1 ryba a jej\u00ed p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k ch\u016fzi po sou\u0161i jedine\u010dnou \u010dty\u0159ploutvovou ch\u016fzi. Na rozd\u00edl od jin\u00fdch ryb, kter\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed sv\u00e9 p\u0159edn\u00ed ploutve jako vych\u00e1zkov\u00e9 hole nebo vrt\u00ed t\u011blem, maj\u00ed tyto ryby kostnat\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi svou p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed a p\u00e1nevn\u00edmi ploutvemi, co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje n\u00e9st svou v\u00e1hu a pohybovat se efektivn\u011b po sou\u0161i.<\/p>\n\n
Robustn\u00ed p\u00e1nev a siln\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s p\u00e1te\u0159\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed struktur\u00e1ln\u00ed podporu nezbytnou pro suchozemskou ch\u016fzi. Tyto adaptace ryb\u00e1m umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed \u0161plhat po vodop\u00e1dech a dost\u00e1vat se do r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed jejich jeskynn\u00edho \u0159\u00ed\u010dn\u00edho ekosyst\u00e9mu.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee studiem mechaniky ch\u016fze t\u011bchto ryb mohou z\u00edskat poznatky o tom, jak mohli chodit vyhynul\u00ed ran\u00ed \u017eivo\u010dichov\u00e9. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu evolu\u010dn\u00ed historie vyvinuly organismy opakovan\u011b podobnou morfologii v reakci na podobn\u00e9 environment\u00e1ln\u00ed tlaky.<\/p>\n\n
Pochopen\u00edm anatomick\u00fdch adaptac\u00ed a evolu\u010dn\u00edch cest t\u011bchto kr\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00edch ryb mohou v\u011bdci l\u00e9pe rekonstruovat pohybov\u00fd apar\u00e1t vyhynul\u00fdch druh\u016f a poskl\u00e1dat skl\u00e1da\u010dku evoluce obratlovc\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
T\u00fdm v\u011bdc\u016f pokra\u010duje ve studiu t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch ryb. Nasb\u00edrali dal\u0161\u00ed exempl\u00e1\u0159e a pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed vysokorychlostn\u00ed video k zachycen\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho pohybov\u00e9ho apar\u00e1tu st\u0159evl\u00edk\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum bude m\u00edt za c\u00edl zdokumentovat schopnosti ch\u016fze u deseti druh\u016f s nejrobustn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi p\u00e1nevn\u00edmi strukturami a prozkoumat environment\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory, kter\u00e9 vedly k evoluci t\u00e9to pozoruhodn\u00e9 vlastnosti.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Jeskynn\u00ed and\u011bl\u0161t\u00ed\ud83d\udc1f a st\u0159evl\u00edci: Kr\u00e1\u010dej\u00edc\u00ed divy vodn\u00edho sv\u011bta Podivn\u00e9 ryby s tajn\u00fdm talentem V roce 2016 objevili v\u011bdci pozoruhodnou schopnost u slep\u00e9 jeskynn\u00ed ryby zn\u00e1m\u00e9 jako jeskynn\u00ed and\u011blsk\u00e1 ryba. Tento…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":24676,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[15842,136,15843,141,15844,7128],"class_list":["post-11714","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-zoology","tag-cave-angel-fish","tag-evolution","tag-hillstream-loaches","tag-natural-history","tag-terrestrial-locomotion","tag-walking-fish"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11714","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11714"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11714\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24677,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11714\/revisions\/24677"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24676"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11714"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11714"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11714"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}