{"id":11716,"date":"2019-06-16T17:48:28","date_gmt":"2019-06-16T17:48:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11716"},"modified":"2019-06-16T17:48:28","modified_gmt":"2019-06-16T17:48:28","slug":"lemurs-madagascars-mischievous-primates","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/lemurs-madagascars-mischievous-primates\/","title":{"rendered":"Lemu\u0159i na Madagaskaru: Odhalujeme tajemstv\u00ed z\u00e1hadn\u00fdch prim\u00e1t\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"

Lemu\u0159i: Madagaskar\u0161t\u00ed rozpustil\u00ed prim\u00e1ti<\/h2>\n\n

Pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum Patricie Wrightov\u00e9<\/h2>\n\n

Patricia Wrightov\u00e1, uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 primatolo\u017eka, zasv\u011btila sv\u016fj \u017eivot studiu a ochran\u011b lemur\u016f na Madagaskaru. Jej\u00ed pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vrhl sv\u011btlo na jedine\u010dn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, spole\u010denskou dynamiku a ekologick\u00e9 adaptace t\u011bchto fascinuj\u00edc\u00edch prim\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed dynamika a dominance samic<\/h2>\n\n

Lemu\u0159i jsou vysoce spole\u010densk\u00e1 zv\u00ed\u0159ata, kter\u00e1 \u017eij\u00ed ve skupin\u00e1ch se slo\u017eit\u00fdmi spole\u010densk\u00fdmi hierarchiemi. Na rozd\u00edl od mnoha jin\u00fdch prim\u00e1t\u016f zauj\u00edmaj\u00ed dominantn\u00ed pozice obvykle samice. Ovl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup ke zdroj\u016fm, up\u0159ednost\u0148uj\u00ed vlastn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem potravy a \u010dasto vykazuj\u00ed agresi v\u016f\u010di samc\u016fm. Tato neobvykl\u00e1 dominance m\u016f\u017ee souviset s omezenou dostupnost\u00ed potravy a vysokou sez\u00f3nn\u00ed variabilitou v prost\u0159ed\u00ed Madagaskaru.<\/p>\n\n

Bambusov\u00ed lemu\u0159i a jejich p\u0159ekvapiv\u00e1 strava<\/h2>\n\n

Velc\u00ed bambusov\u00ed lemu\u0159i, jeden z druh\u016f studovan\u00fdch Wrightovou, se p\u0159izp\u016fsobili tr\u00e1ven\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9ho zdroje potravy: bambusu. Samice lemur\u016f prokous\u00e1vaj\u00ed tvrd\u00fd vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed povrch bambusov\u00fdch stonk\u016f, aby se dostaly k jedl\u00e9 d\u0159eni. Samci v\u0161ak \u010dasto samice vytla\u010duj\u00ed a berou si \u010derstv\u011b otev\u0159en\u00fd bambus, co\u017e je chov\u00e1n\u00ed u lemur\u016f neobvykl\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Ekologick\u00e9 adaptace a \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed semen<\/h2>\n\n

Lemu\u0159i hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v ekosyst\u00e9mu Madagaskaru. Jsou d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdmi rozptylova\u010di semen, kte\u0159\u00ed pom\u00e1haj\u00ed obnovovat les t\u00edm, \u017ee konzumuj\u00ed a vylu\u010duj\u00ed semena z r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f rostlin. Jejich strava zahrnuje tak\u00e9 ovoce, listy a hmyz, co\u017e p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 k celkov\u00e9mu zdrav\u00ed a biodiverzit\u011b de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa.<\/p>\n\n

Ochrana a ochrana stanovi\u0161\u0165<\/h2>\n\n

Wrightov\u00e9 v\u00fdzkum byl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro ochranu lemur\u016f a jejich stanovi\u0161\u0165. Sehr\u00e1la kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli p\u0159i zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Ranomafana, chr\u00e1n\u011bn\u00e9 oblasti, kter\u00e1 je domovem \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161k\u00e1ly druh\u016f lemur\u016f. Jej\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed se tak\u00e9 zam\u011b\u0159ilo na boj proti odles\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed, vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed m\u00edstn\u00edch komunit a podporu udr\u017eiteln\u00e9ho cestovn\u00edho ruchu.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam divok\u00fdch koridor\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Madagaskarsk\u00e9 lesy jsou st\u00e1le v\u00edce fragmentov\u00e1ny v d\u016fsledku lidsk\u00fdch \u010dinnost\u00ed, jako je t\u011b\u017eba d\u0159eva a zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Divok\u00e9 koridory, kter\u00e9 spojuj\u00ed izolovan\u00e9 fragmenty lesa, jsou z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed lemur\u016f. Umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed lemur\u016fm p\u0159\u00edstup k potrav\u011b, partner\u016fm a nov\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm, co\u017e sni\u017euje riziko p\u0159\u00edbuzensk\u00e9 plemenitby a poklesu populace.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a budouc\u00ed objevy<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory pokroku dosa\u017een\u00e9ho ve v\u00fdzkumu lemur\u016f, je toho st\u00e1le mnoho, co se o t\u011bchto tajemn\u00fdch prim\u00e1tech nev\u00ed. Wrightov\u00e1 pokra\u010duje ve veden\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdch projekt\u016f, kter\u00e9 zkoumaj\u00ed jejich spole\u010densk\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, potravn\u00ed ekologii a genetickou rozmanitost. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce roz\u0161i\u0159uje na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lemur\u016f a utv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed strategie ochrany pro jejich budouc\u00ed blaho.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1hadn\u00e1 Matka Modr\u00e1<\/h2>\n\n

Matka Modr\u00e1, samice sifaky, byla pro Wrightovou p\u0159edm\u011btem zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edho z\u00e1jmu. Pot\u00e9, co ztratila sv\u00e9ho partnera a byla vytla\u010dena mlad\u0161\u00ed samic\u00ed, se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dalo, \u017ee Matka Modr\u00e1 ode\u0161la do vyhnanstv\u00ed a zem\u0159ela. Znovu se v\u0161ak objevila v jin\u00e9 skupin\u011b, sp\u00e1rovan\u00e1 s mlad\u0161\u00edm samcem a \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b vychov\u00e1vala potomky. Tento neo\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd zvrat ud\u00e1lost\u00ed zd\u016fraz\u0148uje odolnost a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost lemur\u016f tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 protivenstv\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum Patricie Wrightov\u00e9 zm\u011bnil na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed lemur\u016f a jejich role v ekosyst\u00e9mu madagaskarsk\u00e9ho de\u0161tn\u00e9ho pralesa. Jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce nejen\u017ee posunula v\u011bdeck\u00e9 poznatky, ale byla tak\u00e9 z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro \u00fasil\u00ed o ochranu t\u011bchto jedine\u010dn\u00fdch a ohro\u017een\u00fdch prim\u00e1t\u016f. Wrightov\u00e9 v\u00e1\u0161e\u0148 pro lemury nad\u00e1le inspiruje v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky, ochr\u00e1nce p\u0159\u00edrody a \u0161irokou ve\u0159ejnost a zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee tito fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 n\u00e1s budou i nad\u00e1le fascinovat i v p\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00edch generac\u00edch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Lemu\u0159i: Madagaskar\u0161t\u00ed rozpustil\u00ed prim\u00e1ti Pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum Patricie Wrightov\u00e9 Patricia Wrightov\u00e1, uzn\u00e1van\u00e1 primatolo\u017eka, zasv\u011btila sv\u016fj \u017eivot studiu a ochran\u011b lemur\u016f na Madagaskaru. Jej\u00ed pr\u016fkopnick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vrhl sv\u011btlo na jedine\u010dn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, spole\u010denskou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[742,254,219,3288,5388,401,3289],"class_list":["post-11716","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-behavior","tag-wildlife","tag-ecology","tag-lemurs","tag-madagascar","tag-conservation","tag-primates"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11716","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11716"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11716\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11717,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11716\/revisions\/11717"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11716"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11716"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11716"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}