{"id":11728,"date":"2024-07-26T06:53:45","date_gmt":"2024-07-26T06:53:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11728"},"modified":"2024-07-26T06:53:45","modified_gmt":"2024-07-26T06:53:45","slug":"goldfish-navigation-skills-driving-vehicles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-behavior\/goldfish-navigation-skills-driving-vehicles\/","title":{"rendered":"Naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti ryb: Mimo akv\u00e1rium"},"content":{"rendered":"

Naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti ryb: Mimo akv\u00e1rium<\/h2>\n\n

Pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed schopnosti zv\u00ed\u0159at a p\u0159enos dom\u00e9ny<\/h2>\n\n

Zv\u00ed\u0159ata disponuj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00fdmi naviga\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nach\u00e1zet potravu, partnery a migrovat. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak st\u00e1le zkoumaj\u00ed, zda jsou tyto schopnosti specifick\u00e9 pro prost\u0159ed\u00ed, ve kter\u00fdch se zv\u00ed\u0159ata vyvinula. Koncept metodiky p\u0159enosu dom\u00e9ny zkoum\u00e1 schopnost zv\u00ed\u0159at vyu\u017e\u00edvat naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti v nezn\u00e1m\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Zlat\u00e9 rybky \u0159\u00edd\u00edc\u00ed vozidla: Nov\u00e1 studie<\/h2>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie proveden\u00e1 v\u011bdci na Ben-Gurionov\u011b univerzit\u011b v Negevu v Izraeli posunula hranice pozn\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at t\u00edm, \u017ee vycvi\u010dila zlat\u00e9 rybky k \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed mal\u00e9ho robotick\u00e9ho vozidla na sou\u0161i. C\u00edlem experimentu bylo zjistit, zda se ryby dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed orientovat v prost\u0159ed\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9m od jejich vodn\u00edho biotopu.<\/p>\n\n

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed a v\u00fdcvik<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci navrhli vozidlo ovl\u00e1dan\u00e9 rybou (FOV) vybaven\u00e9 speci\u00e1ln\u00edm softwarem a kamerou sn\u00edmaj\u00edc\u00ed pohyb. Kamera sledovala pohyby ryby uvnit\u0159 FOV a algoritmus p\u0159ekl\u00e1dal tyto pohyby na pokyny pro kola vozidla. To ryb\u00e1m umo\u017enilo \u201e\u0159\u00eddit\u201c FOV dop\u0159edu, dozadu, doleva nebo doprava.<\/p>\n\n

Aby v\u011bdci vycvi\u010dili zlat\u00e9 rybky, zapsali \u0161est ryb do \u201eauto\u0161koly\u201c. B\u011bhem 30minutov\u00fdch lekc\u00ed konan\u00fdch ka\u017ed\u00e9 dva dny byly ryby odm\u011b\u0148ov\u00e1ny za to, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b navedly FOV k r\u016f\u017eov\u00e9mu c\u00edli v uzav\u0159en\u00e9m prostoru.<\/p>\n\n

Navigace v suchozemsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Jakmile se zlat\u00e9 rybky nau\u010dily ovl\u00e1dat FOV, v\u011bdci otestovali jejich naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti t\u00edm, \u017ee je um\u00edstili do nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho suchozemsk\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed. Ryby m\u011bly za \u00fakol \u0159\u00eddit FOV sm\u011brem k vizu\u00e1ln\u00edmu c\u00edli pozorovateln\u00e9mu p\u0159es st\u011bny n\u00e1dr\u017ee.<\/p>\n\n

Pozoruhodn\u011b v\u0161ech \u0161est ryb \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b navigovalo k c\u00edli z r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u00fahl\u016f, co\u017e uk\u00e1zalo jejich schopnost porozum\u011bt sv\u00e9mu okol\u00ed a interagovat s n\u00edm. Vyh\u00fdbaly se slep\u00fdm uli\u010dk\u00e1m a b\u011bhem zkou\u0161ek se samy korigovaly, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee si nejednodu\u0161e zapamatov\u00e1valy pohyby, aby z\u00edskaly odm\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n

Kognitivn\u00ed schopnosti a adaptace<\/h2>\n\n

Studie odhalila, \u017ee zlat\u00e9 rybky maj\u00ed kognitivn\u00ed schopnost nau\u010dit se slo\u017eit\u00fd \u00fakol v prost\u0159ed\u00ed zcela odli\u0161n\u00e9m od toho, ve kter\u00e9m se vyvinuly. Ryby prok\u00e1zaly svou schopnost p\u0159izp\u016fsobit se nov\u00e9mu ekosyst\u00e9mu a efektivn\u011b v n\u011bm navigovat.<\/p>\n\n

Implikace pro pozn\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h2>\n\n

Zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed t\u00e9to studie maj\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed pozn\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee zv\u00ed\u0159ata mohou m\u00edt v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kapacity u\u010den\u00ed a adaptace, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Studie tak\u00e9 zd\u016fraz\u0148uje potenci\u00e1l vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed technologi\u00ed k prozkoum\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed inteligence a zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed hranic jejich kognitivn\u00edch schopnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Budouc\u00ed sm\u011bry v\u00fdzkumu<\/h2>\n\n

Tato studie otev\u00edr\u00e1 nov\u00e9 cesty pro v\u00fdzkum v oblasti navigace a pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at. Budouc\u00ed studie by mohly zkoumat neuronov\u00e9 mechanismy, kter\u00e9 stoj\u00ed za naviga\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi ryb, zkoumat hranice p\u0159enosu dom\u00e9ny u jin\u00fdch \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f a zkoumat roli environment\u00e1ln\u00edch faktor\u016f p\u0159i utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed naviga\u010dn\u00edch strategi\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Naviga\u010dn\u00ed schopnosti ryb: Mimo akv\u00e1rium Pozn\u00e1vac\u00ed schopnosti zv\u00ed\u0159at a p\u0159enos dom\u00e9ny Zv\u00ed\u0159ata disponuj\u00ed pozoruhodn\u00fdmi naviga\u010dn\u00edmi schopnostmi, kter\u00e9 jim umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed nach\u00e1zet potravu, partnery a migrovat. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak st\u00e1le zkoumaj\u00ed, zda jsou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23950,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[14608,15855,15854,15856,99,6193],"class_list":["post-11728","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-adaptability","tag-goldfish-intelligence","tag-fish-navigation","tag-domain-transfer","tag-lifescienceart","tag-animal-cognition"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11728","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11728"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11728\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11729,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11728\/revisions\/11729"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23950"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11728"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11728"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11728"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}