Americk\u00fd bizon, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako buvol, kdysi putoval po Velk\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch v obrovsk\u00fdch st\u00e1dech \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00edch miliony kus\u016f. Byl to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zdroj pro indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kmeny, kter\u00e9 jim poskytoval potravu, oble\u010den\u00ed a p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161\u00ed. Na konci 19. stolet\u00ed v\u0161ak byli bizoni t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyhubeni b\u00edl\u00fdmi osadn\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n
Po\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed z\u016fstalo v n\u00e1rodn\u00edm parku Yellowstone jen n\u011bkolik stovek bizon\u016f. D\u00edky ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed se populace bizon\u016f v Yellowstone zotavila na v\u00edce ne\u017e 4 000 kus\u016f. Velikost st\u00e1da se v\u0161ak stala d\u016fvodem ke znepokojen\u00ed spr\u00e1vc\u016f parku kv\u016fli nadm\u011brn\u00e9 pastv\u011b a konflikt\u016fm s jin\u00fdmi voln\u011b \u017eij\u00edc\u00edmi zv\u00ed\u0159aty.<\/p>\n\n
Aby se tyto probl\u00e9my vy\u0159e\u0161ily, zah\u00e1jila N\u00e1rodn\u00ed parkov\u00e1 slu\u017eba program p\u0159em\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed bizon\u016f do jin\u00fdch oblast\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b \u00fazem\u00ed kmen\u016f. Tato snaha m\u00e1 za c\u00edl obnovit bizony v jejich historick\u00e9m are\u00e1lu roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed a podpo\u0159it ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed pro tento druh.<\/p>\n\n
Jednou z v\u00fdzev p\u0159i p\u0159em\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed bizon\u016f je obava z brucel\u00f3zy, bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed infekce, kter\u00e1 se m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159en\u00e9st z bizon\u016f na skot. Studie N\u00e1rodn\u00edch akademi\u00ed v\u011bd, in\u017een\u00fdrstv\u00ed a medic\u00edny z roku 2017 v\u0161ak zjistila, \u017ee brucel\u00f3za u skotu v regionu je zp\u016fsobena losy, nikoli bizony. Toto zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed usnadnilo prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u0159em\u00eds\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed bizon\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Osud bizon\u016f a domorod\u00fdch Ameri\u010dan\u016f je propojen po stalet\u00ed. Indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kmeny byly na bizonech velmi z\u00e1visl\u00e9 pro sv\u00e9 p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyhynut\u00ed tohoto druhu m\u011blo zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopad na jejich zp\u016fsob \u017eivota. P\u0159em\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed bizon\u016f na \u00fazem\u00ed kmen\u016f je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za krok k obnoven\u00ed tohoto kulturn\u00edho propojen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zpochybnil tradi\u010dn\u00ed vypr\u00e1v\u011bn\u00ed, \u017ee t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 vyhynut\u00ed bizon\u016f zp\u016fsobili pouze b\u00edl\u00ed lovci. Historici \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee k \u00fapadku p\u0159isp\u011bla kombinace faktor\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b nadm\u011brn\u00e9ho lovu ze strany domorod\u00fdch Ameri\u010dan\u016f, roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kon\u00ed a environment\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdzev.<\/p>\n\n
Obnoven\u00ed bizon\u016f na Velk\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch je slo\u017eit\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka s v\u00fdhodami i v\u00fdzvami. Bizoni poskytuj\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 slu\u017eby, ale tak\u00e9 sout\u011b\u017e\u00ed se dobytkem o zdroje. Jak bude populace bizon\u016f nad\u00e1le r\u016fst, budou muset farm\u00e1\u0159i a ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody spolupracovat na nalezen\u00ed udr\u017eiteln\u00fdch \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed, kter\u00e1 vyv\u00e1\u017e\u00ed pot\u0159eby obou druh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Americk\u00fd bizon z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 siln\u00fdm symbolem americk\u00e9ho Z\u00e1padu. V roce 2016 byl ozna\u010den za n\u00e1rodn\u00edho savce USA. Odolnost a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivost bizona p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed v\u00fdznam ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody a trval\u00e9 spojen\u00ed mezi lidmi a p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edm sv\u011btem.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Americk\u00fd bizon: Symbol Velk\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00ed Historie a v\u00fdznam Americk\u00fd bizon, zn\u00e1m\u00fd tak\u00e9 jako buvol, kdysi putoval po Velk\u00fdch pl\u00e1n\u00edch v obrovsk\u00fdch st\u00e1dech \u010d\u00edtaj\u00edc\u00edch miliony kus\u016f. Byl to z\u00e1sadn\u00ed zdroj pro…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[2681,2683,605,193,2682],"class_list":["post-1175","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-american-bison","tag-native-american-culture","tag-wildlife-conservation","tag-symbolism","tag-great-plains"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1175"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1176,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1175\/revisions\/1176"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1175"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1175"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1175"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}