{"id":11774,"date":"2021-07-27T11:56:40","date_gmt":"2021-07-27T11:56:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11774"},"modified":"2021-07-27T11:56:40","modified_gmt":"2021-07-27T11:56:40","slug":"great-feuds-and-portraits-of-discovery-the-human-side-of-science","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/history-and-philosophy-of-science\/great-feuds-and-portraits-of-discovery-the-human-side-of-science\/","title":{"rendered":"Great Feuds and Portraits of Discovery: Unveiling the Human Element in Science"},"content":{"rendered":"

Skv\u011bl\u00e9 spory a portr\u00e9ty objev\u016f: Lidsk\u00e1 str\u00e1nka v\u011bdy<\/h2>\n\n

Povaha v\u011bdy<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 je \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako objektivn\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy, se odli\u0161uje od humanitn\u00edch v\u011bd. V\u011bdci jsou obvykle zobrazov\u00e1ni jako nestrann\u00ed pozorovatel\u00e9, vyzbrojen\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstroji a zav\u0159en\u00ed v laborato\u0159\u00edch. Tento idealizovan\u00fd pohled v\u0161ak nedok\u00e1\u017ee zachytit lidsk\u00fd prvek, kter\u00fd hraje rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed roli ve v\u011bdeck\u00fdch objevech.<\/p>\n\n

V\u011bda v praxi<\/h2>\n\n

Knihy \u201eGreat Feuds in Science\u201c od Hala Hellmana a \u201ePortraits of Discovery\u201c od George Greensteina nab\u00edzej\u00ed mnohem jemn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed pohled na v\u011bdu. Odhaluj\u00ed lidskou str\u00e1nku v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a ukazuj\u00ed, jak jsou v\u011bdci stejn\u011b vn\u00edmav\u00ed k emoc\u00edm, egu a chyb\u00e1m jako kdokoli jin\u00fd.<\/p>\n\n

Skv\u011bl\u00e9 spory ve v\u011bd\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Hellmanova kniha se zam\u011b\u0159uje na velk\u00e9 spory, kter\u00e9 formovaly d\u011bjiny v\u011bdy, od Galileova st\u0159etu s pape\u017eem a\u017e po prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed debatu o kritice Margaret Mead z pera Dereka Freemana ohledn\u011b jej\u00ed pr\u00e1ce o samoansk\u00e9 ml\u00e1de\u017ei. Hellman zkoum\u00e1 hlub\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdznamy t\u011bchto konflikt\u016f a odhaluje osobn\u00ed a intelektu\u00e1ln\u00ed s\u00e1zky, o kter\u00e9 se hr\u00e1lo.<\/p>\n\n

Portr\u00e9ty objev\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Greensteinova kniha nab\u00edz\u00ed d\u016fv\u011brn\u00e9 portr\u00e9ty n\u011bkter\u00fdch nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch v\u011bdeck\u00fdch mozk\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b George Gamowa, Richarda Feynmana, Luise Alvareze a J. Roberta Oppenheimera. Zab\u00fdv\u00e1 se jejich komplexn\u00edmi osobnostmi, motivacemi a p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky do oboru.<\/p>\n\n

M\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se krajina v\u011bdy<\/h2>\n\n

Greenstein tak\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1 m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se charakter v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu. Poznamen\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1stup \u201evelk\u00e9 v\u011bdy\u201c, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 t\u00fdmy spolupracovn\u00edk\u016f a obrovsk\u00e9 rozpo\u010dty. Diskutuje tak\u00e9 o rostouc\u00ed roli administr\u00e1tor\u016f a v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch, kter\u00fdm \u010del\u00ed \u017eeny ve v\u011bd\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Odpor v\u016f\u010di nov\u00fdm n\u00e1pad\u016fm<\/h2>\n\n

Hellman i Greenstein zd\u016fraz\u0148uj\u00ed odpor v\u016f\u010di nov\u00fdm n\u00e1pad\u016fm, se kter\u00fdm se ve v\u011bd\u011b \u010dasto setk\u00e1v\u00e1me. V\u011bdci, stejn\u011b jako v\u0161ichni lid\u00e9, se maj\u00ed tendenci dr\u017eet sv\u00fdch vlastn\u00edch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed a na cizince pohl\u00ed\u017eej\u00ed s podez\u0159en\u00edm. To m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k vyhrocen\u00fdm debat\u00e1m a dokonce i k osobn\u00edm \u00fatok\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Lidsk\u00fd prvek ve v\u011bd\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Lidsk\u00fd prvek ve v\u011bd\u011b je jak s\u00edla, tak slabost. M\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k velk\u00fdm objev\u016fm a inovac\u00edm, ale m\u016f\u017ee tak\u00e9 br\u00e1nit pokroku a vytv\u00e1\u0159et konflikty. Hellman a Greenstein n\u00e1m p\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bda nen\u00ed jen o faktech a \u010d\u00edslech, ale tak\u00e9 o lidech, kte\u0159\u00ed ji vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Vztah mezi v\u011bdou a humanitn\u00edmi v\u011bdami<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory rozd\u00edl\u016fm mezi v\u011bdou a humanitn\u00edmi v\u011bdami jsou nakonec propojen\u00e9. V\u011bda je zalo\u017eena na metod\u00e1ch logiky a pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco humanitn\u00ed v\u011bdy poskytuj\u00ed kontext a v\u00fdznam v\u011bdeck\u00fdm objev\u016fm. Greenstein tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee odd\u011blen\u00ed v\u011bdy od humanitn\u00edch v\u011bd vedlo ke ztr\u00e1t\u011b perspektivy a neschopnosti pln\u011b pochopit lidskou zku\u0161enost.<\/p>\n\n

Motivace v\u011bdc\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdci jsou \u010dasto motivov\u00e1ni touhou pochopit sv\u011bt kolem sebe a ud\u011blat rozd\u00edl. Jak v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed Hellman a Greenstein, mohou hr\u00e1t roli i jin\u00e9 faktory, jako je osobn\u00ed ambice a honba za sl\u00e1vou.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv v\u011bdy na spole\u010dnost<\/h2>\n\n

V\u011bdeck\u00e9 objevy m\u011bly na spole\u010dnost hlubok\u00fd dopad, a to jak pozitivn\u00ed, tak negativn\u00ed. Vedly k pokroku v medic\u00edn\u011b, technologii a na\u0161emu ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edru. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 vyvolaly etick\u00e9 obavy a vytvo\u0159ily nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

\u201eGreat Feuds in Science\u201c a \u201ePortraits of Discovery\u201c nab\u00edzej\u00ed fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed pohled na lidskou str\u00e1nku v\u011bdy. P\u0159ipom\u00ednaj\u00ed n\u00e1m, \u017ee v\u011bda nen\u00ed jen chladn\u00e9, objektivn\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy, ale hluboce lidsk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je formov\u00e1no v\u00e1\u0161n\u011bmi, p\u0159edsudky a osobnostmi t\u011bch, kdo ji provozuj\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Skv\u011bl\u00e9 spory a portr\u00e9ty objev\u016f: Lidsk\u00e1 str\u00e1nka v\u011bdy Povaha v\u011bdy V\u011bda, kter\u00e1 je \u010dasto vn\u00edm\u00e1na jako objektivn\u00ed hled\u00e1n\u00ed pravdy, se odli\u0161uje od humanitn\u00edch v\u011bd. V\u011bdci jsou obvykle zobrazov\u00e1ni jako nestrann\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[15919],"tags":[27,37,1325,1532,97,15918,15917],"class_list":["post-11774","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history-and-philosophy-of-science","tag-history","tag-innovation","tag-human-nature","tag-discovery","tag-science","tag-scientific-controversies","tag-great-minds"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11774","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11774"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11774\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11775,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11774\/revisions\/11775"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11774"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11774"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11774"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}