{"id":11791,"date":"2023-09-02T03:37:40","date_gmt":"2023-09-02T03:37:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11791"},"modified":"2023-09-02T03:37:40","modified_gmt":"2023-09-02T03:37:40","slug":"yellowstone-national-park-native-land-rights-conservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/history\/yellowstone-national-park-native-land-rights-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Yellowstone: Odkaz domorod\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na p\u016fdu a ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody"},"content":{"rendered":"

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Yellowstone: Odkaz domorod\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na p\u016fdu a ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody<\/h2>\n\n

Historie n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Yellowstone<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Yellowstone, zalo\u017een\u00fd v roce 1872, je proslul\u00fd sv\u00fdmi geoterm\u00e1ln\u00edmi divy, divokou zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed a malebn\u00fdmi krajinami. Jeho vznik v\u0161ak byl spjat s bojem za pr\u00e1va domorod\u00e9ho obyvatelstva, zejm\u00e9na p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edk\u016f kmene Lakota.<\/p>\n\n

Sed\u00edc\u00ed b\u00fdk a boj za pr\u00e1va Lakot\u016f na p\u016fdu<\/h2>\n\n

Sed\u00edc\u00ed b\u00fdk, v\u00fdznamn\u00fd v\u016fdce Lakot\u016f, sehr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v utv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed historie Yellowstonu. Po\u010d\u00e1tkem 60. let 19. stolet\u00ed \u010delily \u00fazem\u00ed Lakot\u016f rostouc\u00edmu pronik\u00e1n\u00ed b\u00edl\u00fdch osadn\u00edk\u016f, horn\u00edk\u016f a \u017eelezni\u010dn\u00edch in\u017een\u00fdr\u016f. Sed\u00edc\u00ed b\u00fdk vedl odpor Lakot\u016f proti t\u011bmto vp\u00e1d\u016fm, br\u00e1nil jejich tradi\u010dn\u00ed loveck\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed a prosazoval jejich svrchovanost.<\/p>\n\n

Yellowstonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon z roku 1872 a domorod\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na p\u016fdu<\/h2>\n\n

Yellowstonsk\u00fd z\u00e1kon z roku 1872, kter\u00fd z\u0159\u00eddil n\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Yellowstone, vyvolal kontroverze kv\u016fli sv\u00e9mu potenci\u00e1ln\u00edmu dopadu na pr\u00e1va Lakot\u016f na p\u016fdu. P\u0159es n\u00e1mitky Lakot\u016f Kongres z\u00e1kon prosadil a ignoroval domorod\u00e9 n\u00e1roky na \u00fazem\u00ed. Tento z\u00e1kon byl uk\u00e1zkov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edkladem politiky feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dy spo\u010d\u00edvaj\u00edc\u00ed v zbavov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel jejich \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv Lakot\u016f na pr\u016fzkum a ochranu Yellowstonu<\/h2>\n\n

Lakotsk\u00e1 tvrzen\u00ed o svrchovanosti ovlivnila pr\u016fzkum a ochranu Yellowstonu. Ferdinand Hayden, geolog, kter\u00fd vedl v\u011bdeck\u00e9 expedice do t\u00e9to oblasti, byl kv\u016fli odporu Lakot\u016f nucen zm\u011bnit sv\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny. Obavy Lakot\u016f rovn\u011b\u017e zbrzdily v\u00fdstavbu \u017eeleznice Northern Pacific Railroad p\u0159es jejich \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u017deleznice Northern Pacific Railroad a n\u00e1roky Lakot\u016f na p\u016fdu<\/h2>\n\n

\u017deleznice Northern Pacific Railroad p\u0159edstavovala v\u00fdznamnou hrozbu pro loveck\u00e1 \u00fazem\u00ed Lakot\u016f a st\u00e1da bizon\u016f. Lakot\u0161t\u00ed v\u016fdci vyj\u00e1d\u0159ili siln\u00e9 n\u00e1mitky proti stavb\u011b \u017eeleznice a uv\u011bdomovali si jej\u00ed potenci\u00e1l k naru\u0161en\u00ed jejich zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1kon o p\u0159id\u011blov\u00e1n\u00ed prost\u0159edk\u016f pro indi\u00e1ny a z\u00e1kon o samostatnosti<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 1871 Kongres zak\u00e1zal uzav\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed budouc\u00edch smluv s indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdmi n\u00e1rody a zintenzivnil vojensk\u00e9 kampan\u011b, aby je donutil p\u0159es\u00eddlit do rezervac\u00ed. Z\u00e1kon o samostatnosti z roku 1887 tuto politiku d\u00e1le podpo\u0159il t\u00edm, \u017ee umo\u017enil vl\u00e1d\u011b zabrat p\u016fdu p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel a prodat ji b\u00edl\u00fdm osadn\u00edk\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Domorod\u00fd odpor a boj za svrchovanost<\/h2>\n\n

Lakot\u0161t\u00ed bojovn\u00edci i p\u0159es ohromn\u00fd tlak nep\u0159est\u00e1vali kl\u00e1st odpor b\u00edl\u00e9 invazi. Sed\u00edc\u00ed b\u00fdk je v roce 1876 dovedl k v\u00edt\u011bzstv\u00ed nad gener\u00e1lem Georgem Armstrongem Custerem v bitv\u011b u Little Bighornu. Americk\u00e1 arm\u00e1da v\u0161ak odpov\u011bd\u011bla trestn\u00fdmi v\u00fdpravami a donutila Sed\u00edc\u00edho b\u00fdka a jeho skupinu uprchnout do Kanady.<\/p>\n\n

Ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody a zbavov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f jejich \u00fazem\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Z\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Yellowstone bylo sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho hnut\u00ed na ochranu americk\u00e9 divo\u010diny. Tato snaha o ochranu p\u0159\u00edrody v\u0161ak \u010dasto prob\u00edhala na \u00fakor pr\u00e1v p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f na p\u016fdu. Ran\u00e9 n\u00e1pisy a expozice v parku do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ignorovaly 11 000 let domorod\u00e9ho vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed se s minulost\u00ed a \u00facta k domorod\u00e9mu d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

V posledn\u00edch letech se st\u00e1le v\u00edce uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 \u00faloha domorod\u00fdch obyvatel v historii Yellowstonu. \u010cinitel\u00e9 n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Yellowstone se zav\u00e1zali ke spolupr\u00e1ci s kmeny spjat\u00fdmi s touto oblast\u00ed a k \u00fact\u011b k jejich kultur\u00e1m a d\u011bdictv\u00ed. C\u00edlem t\u00e9to snahy je vyn\u00e9st na sv\u011btlo skrytou historii zbavov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel jejich \u00fazem\u00ed a jejich odporu.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost Yellowstonu a vztahy s domorod\u00fdmi obyvateli<\/h2>\n\n
    \n
  1. v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Yellowstone v roce 2022 p\u0159edstavuje z\u00e1sadn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost k uzn\u00e1n\u00ed slo\u017eit\u00e9 historie parku a jeho vztahu k domorod\u00fdm obyvatel\u016fm. Ud\u00e1losti a iniciativy pl\u00e1novan\u00e9 k v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed maj\u00ed za c\u00edl podpo\u0159it dialog mezi kmeny a pracovn\u00edky parku, podpo\u0159it lep\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed a ocen\u011bn\u00ed domorod\u00fdch kultur a jejich trval\u00e9ho odkazu na severoz\u00e1pad\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Yellowstone: Odkaz domorod\u00fdch pr\u00e1v na p\u016fdu a ochrana p\u0159\u00edrody Historie n\u00e1rodn\u00edho parku Yellowstone N\u00e1rodn\u00ed park Yellowstone, zalo\u017een\u00fd v roce 1872, je proslul\u00fd sv\u00fdmi geoterm\u00e1ln\u00edmi divy, divokou zv\u011b\u0159\u00ed a…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[2800,251,247,15942,250,401,15940,15941,4682],"class_list":["post-11791","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-american-west","tag-native-american-history","tag-environmental-history","tag-lakota-people","tag-national-parks","tag-conservation","tag-indigenous-land-rights","tag-sitting-bull","tag-yellowstone-national-park"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11791","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11791"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11791\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11792,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11791\/revisions\/11792"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11791"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11791"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11791"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}