Kosatky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako velryby zabij\u00e1ci, jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed: menopauzu. Postmenopauz\u00e1ln\u00ed matky neboli matriarchyn\u011b hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v ochran\u011b sv\u00fdch syn\u016f p\u0159ed zran\u011bn\u00edm a konflikty.<\/p>\n\n
Menopauza je jev pozorovan\u00fd pouze u hrstky \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00fdch druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b kosatek a lid\u00ed. Znamen\u00e1 konec reproduk\u010dn\u00edho \u017eivota samice a ukon\u010den\u00ed menstruace. P\u0159esto\u017ee p\u0159esn\u00e9 d\u016fvody menopauzy u kosatek jsou st\u00e1le studov\u00e1ny, v\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se mohla vyvinout na podporu jejich soci\u00e1ln\u00ed struktury a p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jejich p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdch.<\/p>\n\n
Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise Current Biology odhalila, \u017ee samci kosatek s postmenopauz\u00e1ln\u00edmi matkami maj\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b m\u00e9n\u011b jizev po zubech na sv\u00fdch h\u0159betn\u00edch ploutv\u00edch, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tyto matky hraj\u00ed ochrannou roli proti zran\u011bn\u00edm utrp\u011bn\u00fdm v boj\u00edch.<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci zkoumali t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 7 000 fotografi\u00ed ploutv\u00ed kosatek po dobu t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 50 let. Zjistili, \u017ee samci kosatek se star\u0161\u00edmi matkami m\u011bli m\u00e9n\u011b bojov\u00fdch zran\u011bn\u00ed ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed se samci s mlad\u0161\u00edmi matkami nebo bez matek.<\/p>\n\n
Postmenopauz\u00e1ln\u00ed matky, \u010dasto matriarchyn\u011b sv\u00fdch sme\u010dek, disponuj\u00ed cenn\u00fdmi znalostmi a zku\u0161enostmi, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ed\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u00fdm potomk\u016fm. Vedou sv\u00e9 rodiny ke zdroj\u016fm potravy, \u0159e\u0161\u00ed konflikty a zaji\u0161\u0165uj\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed sv\u00fdch vnou\u010dat.<\/p>\n\n
Samice kosatek se mohou do\u017e\u00edt a\u017e 90 let, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee mohou str\u00e1vit des\u00edtky let jako matriarchyn\u011b pot\u00e9, co p\u0159estanou rodit. Maj\u00ed v\u00edce \u010dasu a z\u00e1jmu investovat do ochrany a pohody sv\u00fdch potomk\u016f mu\u017esk\u00e9ho pohlav\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Krom\u011b ochrany sv\u00fdch syn\u016f p\u0159ed zran\u011bn\u00edm vykazuj\u00ed postmenopauz\u00e1ln\u00ed matky tak\u00e9 preferen\u010dn\u00ed zach\u00e1zen\u00ed s nimi. Poskytuj\u00ed jim v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed porce j\u00eddla, nap\u0159\u00edklad poloviny ryb, kter\u00e9 ulovily. Toto zv\u00fdhodn\u011bn\u00e9 zach\u00e1zen\u00ed se mohlo vyvinout proto, \u017ee samci kosatek maj\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed reproduk\u010dn\u00ed potenci\u00e1l ne\u017e samice. Samci se mohou p\u00e1\u0159it s v\u00edce partnerkami mimo sv\u00e9 sme\u010dky, co\u017e sni\u017euje z\u00e1t\u011b\u017e p\u00e9\u010de o vnou\u010data pro jejich matky.<\/p>\n\n
Studium menopauzy u kosatek poskytuje poznatky o tom, pro\u010d n\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy pokra\u010duj\u00ed v \u017eivot\u011b i po sv\u00fdch reproduk\u010dn\u00edch letech. Zpochyb\u0148uje p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed z\u00e1vis\u00ed v\u00fdhradn\u011b na reprodukci. Naopak menopauza u kosatek se vyvinula jako soci\u00e1ln\u00ed strategie, kter\u00e1 zlep\u0161uje p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed jejich potomk\u016f a celkovou pohodu jejich sme\u010dek.<\/p>\n\n
Podobnosti mezi spole\u010dnostmi kosatek a lidsk\u00fdmi spole\u010dnostmi jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed. Postmenopauz\u00e1ln\u00ed samice neboli babi\u010dky hraj\u00ed v\u00fdznamnou roli v obou druz\u00edch. Poskytuj\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di, podporu a znalosti, kter\u00e9 p\u0159isp\u00edvaj\u00ed ke zdrav\u00ed a dlouhov\u011bkosti jejich rodin.<\/p>\n\n
Studium menopauzy u kosatek n\u00e1m m\u016f\u017ee pomoci l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt evolu\u010dn\u00edm a soci\u00e1ln\u00edm d\u016fsledk\u016fm tohoto jevu u lid\u00ed. Zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb a hodnotu zku\u0161enost\u00ed p\u0159i udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00fdch a prosperuj\u00edc\u00edch komunit.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Kosatky: Menopauza a ochrana syn\u016f Kosatky, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako velryby zabij\u00e1ci, jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9, kte\u0159\u00ed vykazuj\u00ed jedine\u010dn\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed: menopauzu. Postmenopauz\u00e1ln\u00ed matky neboli matriarchyn\u011b hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli v ochran\u011b sv\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23682,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[309,2280,16088,16089,99],"class_list":["post-11906","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-animal-behavior","tag-orcas","tag-menopause","tag-animal-protection","tag-lifescienceart"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11906","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11906"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11906\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11907,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11906\/revisions\/11907"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23682"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11906"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11906"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11906"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}