Paleontologov\u00e9 se po mnoho let domn\u00edvali, \u017ee vyhynul\u00fd va\u010dnatec \u0161avlozub\u00fd tygr Thylacosmilus atrox byl d\u011bsiv\u00fd pred\u00e1tor, d\u00edky sv\u00fdm velk\u00fdm, no\u017eovit\u00fdm \u0161pi\u010d\u00e1k\u016fm. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tento tvor mohl b\u00fdt sp\u00ed\u0161e mrcho\u017erout ne\u017e lovec zab\u00edjej\u00edc\u00ed ko\u0159ist.<\/p>\n\n
P\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed Thylacosmilusova zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota vze\u0161lo z d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed jeho anatomie. A\u010dkoli jeho \u0161pi\u010d\u00e1ky byly rozhodn\u011b p\u016fsobiv\u00e9, nebyly tvarovan\u00e9 jako no\u017ee, ale sp\u00ed\u0161e jako dr\u00e1py. Thylacosmilus nav\u00edc postr\u00e1dal horn\u00ed \u0159ez\u00e1ky, kter\u00e9 jsou nezbytn\u00e9 pro \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed masa z kost\u00ed u dne\u0161n\u00edch velk\u00fdch ko\u010dkovit\u00fdch \u0161elem a \u0161avlozub\u00e9ho tygra Smilodona, kter\u00fd s n\u00edm \u017eil po boku.<\/p>\n\n
Aby v\u011bdci z\u00edskali lep\u0161\u00ed p\u0159edstavu o Thylacosmilusov\u00fdch schopnostech, provedli biomechanick\u00e9 studie porovn\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed jeho lebku a \u0161pi\u010d\u00e1ky se \u0161pi\u010d\u00e1ky Smilodona. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly, \u017ee Thylacosmilus m\u011bl slab\u0161\u00ed skus ne\u017e Smilodon, ale jeho \u0161pi\u010d\u00e1ky byly siln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v tahu “zp\u011bt”. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee Thylacosmilus mohl sv\u00e9 \u0161pi\u010d\u00e1ky pou\u017e\u00edvat k otev\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed mr\u0161in, nikoli k zab\u00edjen\u00ed ko\u0159isti.<\/p>\n\n
Opot\u0159eben\u00ed Thylacosmilusov\u00fdch stoli\u010dek tak\u00e9 poskytlo vod\u00edtka k jeho strav\u011b. Na rozd\u00edl od dne\u0161n\u00edch velk\u00fdch ko\u010dkovit\u00fdch \u0161elem nebo \u0161avlozub\u00fdch tygr\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed maj\u00ed stoli\u010dky p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00e9 ke st\u0159\u00edh\u00e1n\u00ed masa z kost\u00ed, nazna\u010duj\u00ed Thylacosmilusovy stoli\u010dky, \u017ee jedl velmi m\u011bkkou potravu.<\/p>\n\n
N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee se Thylacosmilus mohl specializovat na konzumaci m\u011bkk\u00fdch org\u00e1n\u016f, jako jsou vnit\u0159nosti a st\u0159eva. Tuto hypot\u00e9zu podporuje absence horn\u00edch \u0159ez\u00e1k\u016f, kter\u00e9 by mu br\u00e1nily v od\u0161krab\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed masa z kost\u00ed. Nav\u00edc mohl m\u00edt Thylacosmilus velk\u00fd jazyk, kter\u00fd mohl pou\u017e\u00edvat k vytahov\u00e1n\u00ed vnit\u0159nost\u00ed z mr\u0161in.<\/p>\n\n
Ne v\u0161ichni v\u011bdci jsou v\u0161ak p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010deni, \u017ee Thylacosmilus byl org\u00e1nov\u00fd specialista. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee d\u016fkazy nejsou pr\u016fkazn\u00e9 a \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee Thylacosmilus byl sp\u00ed\u0161e obecn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mrcho\u017eroutem.<\/p>\n\n
Nov\u00e9 poznatky o Thylacosmilusovi maj\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed jeho ekologie. Pokud byl skute\u010dn\u011b mrcho\u017eroutem, pak by hr\u00e1l v pleistocenn\u00edm ekosyst\u00e9mu jinou roli, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Mohl b\u00fdt podobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed hyen\u00e1m nebo sup\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 mrcho\u017erouti.<\/p>\n\n
Debata o Thylacosmilusov\u011b zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota st\u00e1le prob\u00edh\u00e1 a k \u00fapln\u00e9mu pochopen\u00ed tohoto z\u00e1hadn\u00e9ho tvora je pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu. Nov\u00e9 poznatky v\u0161ak zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed dlouho zast\u00e1vanou domn\u011bnku, \u017ee byl vrcholov\u00fdm pred\u00e1torem, a nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee mohl m\u00edt ve sv\u00e9 ekologick\u00e9 nice specializovan\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli mrcho\u017erouta.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Thylacosmilus: Mrcho\u017erout, nebo pred\u00e1tor? Nov\u00e9 poznatky zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed domn\u011bnky Paleontologov\u00e9 se po mnoho let domn\u00edvali, \u017ee vyhynul\u00fd va\u010dnatec \u0161avlozub\u00fd tygr Thylacosmilus atrox byl d\u011bsiv\u00fd pred\u00e1tor, d\u00edky sv\u00fdm velk\u00fdm, no\u017eovit\u00fdm \u0161pi\u010d\u00e1k\u016fm.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[1091,137,1090,661,4004,16151,16152],"class_list":["post-11956","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-scavenger","tag-paleontology","tag-predator","tag-prehistoric","tag-sabertooth","tag-thylacosmilus","tag-marsupial"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11956","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11956"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11956\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11957,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11956\/revisions\/11957"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11956"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11956"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11956"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}