{"id":11976,"date":"2023-03-18T13:27:47","date_gmt":"2023-03-18T13:27:47","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=11976"},"modified":"2023-03-18T13:27:47","modified_gmt":"2023-03-18T13:27:47","slug":"insects-caused-dinosaur-extinction","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/paleontology\/insects-caused-dinosaur-extinction\/","title":{"rendered":"Hmyz mohl vyhubit dinosaury"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Zp\u016fsobil vyhynut\u00ed dinosaur\u016f hmyz?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee dinosaury vyhubil asteroid. Co kdy\u017e byl ale vin\u00edk ve skute\u010dnosti mnohem men\u0161\u00ed, ale s trvalej\u0161\u00edm dopadem: hmyz?<\/p>\n\n<p>Entomologov\u00e9 a man\u017eel\u00e9 George a Roberta Poinar v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee hmyz sehr\u00e1l hlavn\u00ed roli ve vyhynut\u00ed dinosaur\u016f. Ve sv\u00e9 knize \u201eCo \u0161tvalo dinosaury? Hmyz, nemoci a smrt v k\u0159\u00edd\u011b\u201c tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee asteroid nebo sope\u010dn\u00e1 erupce samy o sob\u011b nemohou vysv\u011btlit, pro\u010d dinosau\u0159i vym\u0159eli b\u011bhem stovek tis\u00edc let. P\u0159esto\u017ee tyto katastrofick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b m\u011bly ur\u010dit\u00fd dopad na populace dinosaur\u016f, pln\u011b nevysv\u011btluj\u00ed masov\u00e9 vyhynut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>Poinarovi studovali starobyl\u00e9 rostlinn\u00e9 a hmyz\u00ed druhy, kter\u00e9 byly p\u0159ed miliony lety uv\u011bzn\u011bny v kapk\u00e1ch jantaru. Ve st\u0159ev\u011b jednoho v jantaru zachovan\u00e9ho brouka na\u0161li patogen zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed leishmani\u00f3zu, co\u017e je parazit\u00e1rn\u00ed onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 m\u016f\u017ee infikovat plazy. V jin\u00e9m na\u0161li patogeny mal\u00e1rie. Rovn\u011b\u017e zkoumali fosilizovan\u00e9 dinosau\u0159\u00ed v\u00fdkaly a objevili d\u016fkazy \u00faplavice a dal\u0161\u00edch st\u0159evn\u00edch parazit\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou v\u011bt\u0161inou p\u0159en\u00e1\u0161eny hmyzem.<\/p>\n\n<p>Tropick\u00e9 klima pozdn\u00ed k\u0159\u00eddy by poskytlo t\u011bmto hmyz\u016fm ide\u00e1ln\u00ed podm\u00ednky k prosperov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jejich rostouc\u00ed po\u010det ovlivnil nejen zdrav\u00ed dinosaur\u016f, ale tak\u00e9 jejich potravn\u00ed zdroje. Hmyz je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdm opylova\u010dem a s t\u00edm, jak rostly jeho populace, pom\u00e1hal \u0161\u00ed\u0159it kvetouc\u00ed rostliny, kter\u00e9 postupn\u011b nahradily kapradiny, cykasy a jinany, kter\u00e9 dinosau\u0159i tradi\u010dn\u011b jedli.<\/p>\n\n<p>Poinarovi tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee hmyz a dinosau\u0159i byli vta\u017eeni do \u201eboje na \u017eivot a na smrt\u201c o p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed a \u017ee hmyz nakonec zv\u00edt\u011bzil.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u016fkazy pro teorii vyhynut\u00ed hmyzem<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Teorii Poinara podporuje n\u011bkolik d\u016fkazn\u00edch lini\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Patogeny u hmyzu:<\/strong> Objev patogen\u016f leishmani\u00f3zy, mal\u00e1rie a dal\u0161\u00edch nemoc\u00ed v hmyzu zachovan\u00e9m v jantaru nazna\u010duje, \u017ee hmyz byl pro dinosaury hlavn\u00edm zdrojem nemoc\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Paraziti v dinosau\u0159\u00edch v\u00fdkalech:<\/strong> P\u0159\u00edtomnost st\u0159evn\u00edch parazit\u016f ve fosilizovan\u00fdch dinosau\u0159\u00edch v\u00fdkalech poskytuje dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkaz, \u017ee hmyz ovliv\u0148oval zdrav\u00ed dinosaur\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zm\u011bny ve strav\u011b dinosaur\u016f:<\/strong> \u0160\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed kvetouc\u00edch rostlin, kter\u00e9 jsou opylov\u00e1ny hmyzem, vedlo k poklesu dostupnosti rostlin, kter\u00e9 dinosau\u0159i tradi\u010dn\u011b jedli. Tato zm\u011bna ve strav\u011b mohla oslabit dinosaury a u\u010dinit je n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k nemocem.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>D\u016fsledky teorie vyhynut\u00ed hmyzem<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Pokud je teorie Poinara spr\u00e1vn\u00e1, bude m\u00edt v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro na\u0161e pochopen\u00ed vyhynut\u00ed dinosaur\u016f. Znamenalo by to, \u017ee hmyz sehr\u00e1l ve vyhynut\u00ed d\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed roli, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Nazna\u010dovalo by to tak\u00e9, \u017ee vyhynut\u00ed bylo mnohem postupn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proces, ne\u017e se b\u011b\u017en\u011b v\u011b\u0159\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n<p>Teorie Poinara je provokativn\u00ed a dob\u0159e podlo\u017een\u00e1 v\u00fdzva k tradi\u010dn\u00edmu pohledu na vyhynut\u00ed dinosaur\u016f. Je to p\u0159ipom\u00ednka, \u017ee i ty nejmen\u0161\u00ed organismy mohou m\u00edt velk\u00fd dopad na b\u011bh d\u011bjin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Zp\u016fsobil vyhynut\u00ed dinosaur\u016f hmyz? V\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee dinosaury vyhubil asteroid. Co kdy\u017e byl ale vin\u00edk ve skute\u010dnosti mnohem men\u0161\u00ed, ale s trvalej\u0161\u00edm dopadem: hmyz? Entomologov\u00e9 a man\u017eel\u00e9 George a&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[138],"tags":[134,2977,5610,554,16175,3706,15217,3489,16174,16176,400],"class_list":["post-11976","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-paleontology","tag-dinosaurs","tag-insects","tag-amber","tag-cretaceous","tag-leishmaniasis","tag-malaria","tag-disease","tag-parasites","tag-pathogens","tag-dysentery","tag-extinction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11976","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=11976"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11976\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11977,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/11976\/revisions\/11977"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=11976"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=11976"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=11976"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}