Ko\u0159eny Halloweenu sahaj\u00ed ke keltsk\u00e9mu sv\u00e1tku Samhain, kter\u00fd se slavil 1. listopadu. Ozna\u010doval konec l\u00e9ta a za\u010d\u00e1tek obdob\u00ed temna, kdy pr\u00fd duchov\u00e9 voln\u011b bloudili. Aby tyto duchy odrazili, lid\u00e9 zapalovali ohn\u011b, nosili kost\u00fdmy a dopou\u0161t\u011bli se neplech.<\/p>\n\n
Ir\u0161t\u00ed a skot\u0161t\u00ed p\u0159ist\u011bhovalci p\u0159inesli sv\u00e9 halloweensk\u00e9 pov\u011bry do Ameriky v 18. a 19. stolet\u00ed. Jejich d\u011bti se staly str\u016fjci neplech, prov\u00e1d\u011bly \u017eert\u00edky, jako nap\u0159. nap\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed lan p\u0159es chodn\u00edky, svazov\u00e1n\u00ed klik dve\u0159\u00ed dohromady a p\u0159evracen\u00ed sud\u016f s odpadky.<\/p>\n\n
Jak se Amerika na po\u010d\u00e1tku 20. stolet\u00ed urbanizovala, halloweensk\u00e9 neplechy se stup\u0148ovaly v chaos. D\u011bti spou\u0161t\u011bly po\u017e\u00e1rn\u00ed poplachy, h\u00e1zely cihly skrz v\u00fdlohy obchod\u016f a ni\u010dily majetek. \u017derty se staly zp\u016fsobem, jak vyj\u00e1d\u0159it frustraci ze soci\u00e1ln\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, jako je chudoba a nezam\u011bstnanost.<\/p>\n\n
N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed dosp\u011bl\u00ed, znepokojen\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00edm, se za\u010dali br\u00e1nit. Noviny informovaly o incidentech, kdy majitel\u00e9 dom\u016f st\u0159\u00edleli po vtip\u00e1lc\u00edch broky. Spr\u00e1vce \u0161kol v Rochesteru ve st\u00e1t\u011b New York prohl\u00e1sil: \u201ePou\u0161t\u011bt vzduch z pneumatik u\u017e nen\u00ed z\u00e1bava. Je to sabot\u00e1\u017e.\u201c<\/p>\n\n
V roce 1942 m\u011bstsk\u00e1 rada v Chicagu hlasovala pro zru\u0161en\u00ed Halloweenu a m\u00edsto toho zavedla \u201eDen ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody\u201c. Toto \u00fasil\u00ed v\u0161ak bylo do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry ne\u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n
Po druh\u00e9 sv\u011btov\u00e9 v\u00e1lce p\u0159esunuli dosp\u011bl\u00ed oslavy Halloweenu do interi\u00e9r\u016f a pry\u010d od destruktivn\u00edch kousk\u016f. P\u0159edali sv\u00e1tek mlad\u0161\u00edm d\u011btem a propagovali koledov\u00e1n\u00ed jako konstruktivn\u00ed tradici.<\/p>\n\n
Prvn\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nky v \u010dasopisech podrobn\u011b popisuj\u00edc\u00ed koledov\u00e1n\u00ed se objevily na konci 30. let 20. stolet\u00ed. R\u00e1diov\u00e9 a televizn\u00ed po\u0159ady pomohly tuto my\u0161lenku zpopularizovat a oslovit n\u00e1rodn\u00ed publikum. Donald\u016fv kachn\u00ed kreslen\u00fd film z roku 1952 \u201eTrick or Treat\u201c d\u00e1le upevnil koledov\u00e1n\u00ed jako z\u00e1kladn\u00ed k\u00e1men Halloweenu.<\/p>\n\n
Potravin\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti rychle rozpoznaly potenci\u00e1l prodeje halloweensk\u00fdch sladkost\u00ed. Do podnik\u00e1n\u00ed se pustily Beatrice Foods, Borden a National Biscuit Company. Zisky z halloweensk\u00fdch sladkost\u00ed a kost\u00fdm\u016f raketov\u011b vzrostly v 60. letech 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Koledov\u00e1n\u00ed se stalo synonymem pro Halloween a bezohledn\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo z velk\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti nahrazeno kost\u00fdmovan\u00fdmi d\u011btmi, kter\u00e9 zvonily na dve\u0159e a prosily o dobroty.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco tradi\u010dn\u00ed halloweensk\u00fd \u017eert upadl, nezmizel \u00fapln\u011b. Modern\u00ed \u017eerty nab\u00fdvaj\u00ed r\u016fzn\u00fdch forem, od online vtip\u016f a z\u00e1bavy a\u017e po chytr\u00e9 subverze.<\/p>\n\n
Navzdory sv\u00e9mu v\u00fdvoji z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Halloween dnem neplech a v\u00fdsm\u011bchu. Umo\u017e\u0148uje lidem vyventilovat sv\u00e9 frustrace, zpochybnit autority a p\u0159ipomenout \u0161\u0165astn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm jejich odpov\u011bdnost pom\u00e1hat m\u00e9n\u011b \u0161\u0165astn\u00fdm. Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 dlu\u017e\u00ed vd\u011b\u010dnost dlouh\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b vtip\u00e1lk\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed dl\u00e1\u017edili cestu modern\u00ed halloweensk\u00e9 tradici.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Halloween: Od trik\u016f po dobroty P\u016fvod halloweenov\u00fdch neplech Ko\u0159eny Halloweenu sahaj\u00ed ke keltsk\u00e9mu sv\u00e1tku Samhain, kter\u00fd se slavil 1. listopadu. Ozna\u010doval konec l\u00e9ta a za\u010d\u00e1tek obdob\u00ed temna, kdy pr\u00fd duchov\u00e9…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1192],"tags":[1902,8312,27,16290,16289],"class_list":["post-12054","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-culture","tag-folklore","tag-halloween","tag-history","tag-trick-or-treating","tag-pranks"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12054","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12054"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12054\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12055,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12054\/revisions\/12055"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12054"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12054"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12054"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}