{"id":12094,"date":"2024-07-13T06:43:25","date_gmt":"2024-07-13T06:43:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12094"},"modified":"2024-07-13T06:43:25","modified_gmt":"2024-07-13T06:43:25","slug":"viking-raiders-norway-north-america","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/viking-raiders-norway-north-america\/","title":{"rendered":"Vikingov\u00e9: Od Norska po Severn\u00ed Ameriku"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vikingov\u00e9: Z Norska do Severn\u00ed Ameriky<\/h2>\n\n

Vikingsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Od roku 793 do 1066 n. l. vyvol\u00e1vali Vikingov\u00e9, zn\u00e1m\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako Normani, strach v srdc\u00edch mnoha lid\u00ed. Jako zru\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1jezdn\u00edci pluli se sv\u00fdmi drakkary do p\u0159\u00edstav\u016f, drancovali a plenili osady. Av\u0161ak krom\u011b sv\u00e9 pov\u011bsti bezohledn\u00fdch bojovn\u00edk\u016f byli Vikingov\u00e9 tak\u00e9 objeviteli a osadn\u00edky, hnan\u00fdmi touhou objevovat nov\u00e9 zem\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Vikingov\u00e9 na cest\u00e1ch<\/h2>\n\n

Inspirov\u00e1ni touhou po dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed a \u00farodn\u00e9 p\u016fd\u011b se Vikingov\u00e9 vydali na cesty na z\u00e1pad z Evropy. Jejich cesty je zavedly na r\u016fzn\u00e9 stezky, kter\u00e9 lze dodnes vysledovat.<\/p>\n\n

Norsko: Viking\u016f domov<\/h2>\n\n

Pod\u00e9l z\u00e1padn\u00edho pob\u0159e\u017e\u00ed Norska Vikingov\u00e9 vl\u00e1dli jako osadn\u00edci a n\u00e1jezdn\u00edci. Stav\u011bli sv\u00e9 drakkary v pob\u0159e\u017en\u00edch m\u011bstech jako Bergen a Stavanger a vyd\u00e1vali se na v\u00fdpravy, kter\u00e9 je m\u011bly zav\u00e9st p\u0159es Atlantik.<\/p>\n\n

Shetlandsk\u00e9 ostrovy, Skotsko: Viking\u0161t\u00ed pevnost<\/h2>\n\n

Okolo roku 850 n. l. Vikingov\u00e9 dorazili na Shetlandsk\u00e9 ostrovy a zanechali zde trval\u00fd norsk\u00fd vliv. D\u016fkazy jejich osad lze naj\u00edt v archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch a staroseversk\u00fdch m\u00edstn\u00edch n\u00e1zvech.<\/p>\n\n

Faersk\u00e9 ostrovy: Vikingsk\u00fd parlament<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1zev “Faersk\u00e9 ostrovy” poch\u00e1z\u00ed ze star\u00e9 nor\u0161tiny. Vikingov\u00e9 zalo\u017eili m\u00edsto pro setk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed parlamentu v T\u00f3rshavnu, hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b. Faersk\u00fd parlament se sch\u00e1z\u00ed v t\u011bchto budov\u00e1ch dodnes, co\u017e z n\u011bj \u010din\u00ed nejstar\u0161\u00ed funguj\u00edc\u00ed parlament na sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n

Island: Vikingov\u00fd r\u00e1j<\/h2>\n\n

V 9. stolet\u00ed se Vikingov\u00e9 usadili v hlavn\u00edm m\u011bst\u011b Islandu, Reykjav\u00edku. Nalezli zde klidn\u00e9 \u00fato\u010di\u0161t\u011b daleko od sv\u00e9 drancuj\u00edc\u00ed minulosti a zalo\u017eili prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed spole\u010dnost.<\/p>\n\n

Gr\u00f3nsko: Erik\u016fv Rud\u00fd v exilu<\/h2>\n\n

V roce 982 byl Erik Rud\u00fd vyho\u0161t\u011bn z Islandu za vra\u017edu a odplul na z\u00e1pad do Gr\u00f3nska. Nalezl zemi, kter\u00e1 mohla b\u00fdt zelen\u00e1 a \u00farodn\u00e1 b\u011bhem st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho tepl\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. Vikingov\u00e9 se usadili na Gr\u00f3nsku na p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 500 let p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e tajemn\u011b zmizeli.<\/p>\n\n

Kanada: Prvn\u00ed vikingsk\u00e1 osada v Severn\u00ed Americe<\/h2>\n\n

Stovky let p\u0159ed Kry\u0161tofem Kolumbem dos\u00e1hli Vikingov\u00e9 Severn\u00ed Ameriky na konci 10. stolet\u00ed. Leif Eriksson vedl skupinu osadn\u00edk\u016f do L’Anse aux Meadows, kde zalo\u017eili prvn\u00ed vikingskou osadu.<\/p>\n\n

Zachoval\u00e1 vikingsk\u00e1 m\u00edsta<\/h2>\n\n

Jarlshof, Shetlandsk\u00e9 ostrovy<\/h2>\n\n

Jarlshof je jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch nalezi\u0161\u0165 Skotska, p\u0159edstavuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159es 4 000 let os\u00eddlen\u00ed. N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci mohou prozkoumat ruiny vikingsk\u00fdch dlouh\u00fdch dom\u016f, neolitick\u00e9 domy a st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 usedlosti.<\/p>\n\n

Up Helly Aa, Lerwick<\/h2>\n\n

Tento ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u00ed oh\u0148ov\u00fd festival oslavuje vikingsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Potomci Viking\u016f n\u00e1sleduj\u00ed v pr\u016fvodu dlouhou lo\u010f, nesou pochodn\u011b a na konci zap\u00e1l\u00ed repliku vikingsk\u00e9 lodi.<\/p>\n\n

Kvivik, Faersk\u00e9 ostrovy<\/h2>\n\n

Vikingsk\u00e1 osada v Kviviku nab\u00edz\u00ed pohled na vikingskou vesnici z 10. stolet\u00ed. Z\u0159\u00edceniny zahrnuj\u00ed z\u00e1klady dlouh\u00fdch dom\u016f a stodoly.<\/p>\n\n

Muzeum os\u00eddlen\u00ed, Reykjav\u00edk<\/h2>\n\n

Ruiny vikingsk\u00e9 osady jsou uchov\u00e1ny v podzemn\u00ed v\u00fdstav\u011b v Muzeu os\u00eddlen\u00ed v Reykjav\u00edku. K vid\u011bn\u00ed jsou tak\u00e9 starov\u011bk\u00e9 rukopisy s\u00e1gami.<\/p>\n\n

Kostel Hvalsey, Gr\u00f3nsko<\/h2>\n\n

Kostel Hvalsey, postaven\u00fd kolem roku 1300, je nejzachovalej\u0161\u00ed vikingskou z\u0159\u00edceninou na Gr\u00f3nsku. Kamenn\u00e9 zdi st\u00e1le stoj\u00ed a nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled do vikingsk\u00e9 doby.<\/p>\n\n

L’Anse aux Meadows, Kanada<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1v\u0161t\u011bvn\u00edci L’Anse aux Meadows mohou prozkoumat skute\u010dn\u00e9 ruiny Leifovy Erikssonovy osady a nedalek\u00fd obnoven\u00fd vikingsk\u00fd obchodn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstav.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vikingov\u00e9: Z Norska do Severn\u00ed Ameriky Vikingsk\u00e9 d\u011bdictv\u00ed Od roku 793 do 1066 n. l. vyvol\u00e1vali Vikingov\u00e9, zn\u00e1m\u00ed tak\u00e9 jako Normani, strach v srdc\u00edch mnoha lid\u00ed. Jako zru\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1jezdn\u00edci pluli…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":23861,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[88,27,16347,564,16206],"class_list":["post-12094","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-archaeology","tag-history","tag-norse","tag-exploration","tag-viking"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12094","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12094"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12094\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12095,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12094\/revisions\/12095"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23861"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12094"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12094"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12094"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}