{"id":12100,"date":"2024-07-08T22:13:00","date_gmt":"2024-07-08T22:13:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12100"},"modified":"2024-07-08T22:13:00","modified_gmt":"2024-07-08T22:13:00","slug":"evidence-of-early-human-settlement-in-argentina-arroyo-seco-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/archaeology\/evidence-of-early-human-settlement-in-argentina-arroyo-seco-2\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u016fkazy o \u010dasn\u00e9m os\u00eddlen\u00ed Argentiny lidmi: Objevy v Arroyo Seco 2"},"content":{"rendered":"

D\u016fkazy o \u010dasn\u00e9m os\u00eddlen\u00ed Argentiny lidmi<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologick\u00e9 objevy v Arroyo Seco 2<\/h2>\n\n

Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee Clovisk\u00e1 kultura byla prvn\u00ed skupinou lid\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekro\u010dila Beringovu \u00fa\u017einu a usadila se v Americe. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy v\u0161ak zpochybnily tuto p\u0159edstavu a nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 mohli dorazit mnohem d\u0159\u00edve.<\/p>\n\n

Jeden z nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch d\u016fkaz\u016f poch\u00e1z\u00ed z archeologick\u00e9 lokality v Argentin\u011b nazvan\u00e9 Arroyo Seco 2. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v pamp\u00e1ch za m\u011bstem Tres Arroyos a poskytla mno\u017estv\u00ed artefakt\u016f a zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch poz\u016fstatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 poskytuj\u00ed poznatky o lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v t\u00e9to oblasti p\u0159ed tis\u00edci lety.<\/p>\n\n

Kamenn\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje a zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kosti<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologov\u00e9 v Arroyo Seco 2 odkryli v\u00edce ne\u017e 50 kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f vyroben\u00fdch z pazourku a k\u0159emence. Tyto n\u00e1stroje vykazuj\u00ed zn\u00e1mky opot\u0159eben\u00ed, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed \u0161kr\u00e1b\u00e1n\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch k\u016f\u017e\u00ed. Materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00e9 byly pou\u017eity k v\u00fdrob\u011b n\u00e1stroj\u016f, nebyly nalezeny v m\u00edst\u011b, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee byly pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b p\u0159ivezeny na m\u00edsto lidmi.<\/p>\n\n

Lokalita tak\u00e9 obsahuje tis\u00edce zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch kost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 byly datov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed uhl\u00edku 14 do obdob\u00ed p\u0159ed 14 064 a\u017e 13 068 lety. Mikroskopick\u00e9 zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed kost\u00ed odhaluje zlomeniny, kter\u00e9 odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, a v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b kost\u00ed chyb\u00ed bodn\u00e1 poran\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 maso\u017eravci.<\/p>\n\n

Lov a zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed vyhynul\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h2>\n\n

Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed kosti nalezen\u00e9 v Arroyo Seco 2 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b mnoha, kter\u00e9 jsou nyn\u00ed vyhynul\u00e9. Pat\u0159\u00ed mezi n\u011b dva druhy kon\u00ed, ob\u0159\u00ed p\u00e1sovci, ob\u0159\u00ed pozemn\u00ed lenochodi, velbloudi a dal\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Poz\u016fstatky velk\u00fdch zv\u00ed\u0159at, jako jsou ob\u0159\u00ed pozemn\u00ed lenochodi, postr\u00e1daj\u00ed lebky a p\u00e1nve, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee lovci porcovali zv\u00ed\u0159ata na m\u00edst\u011b zabit\u00ed, ne\u017e je p\u0159enesli do sv\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora. Obrovsk\u00e1 velikost t\u011bchto zv\u00ed\u0159at by zt\u011b\u017eovala p\u0159epravu cel\u00fdch t\u011bl.<\/p>\n\n

Hypot\u00e9za loveck\u00e9ho t\u00e1bora<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee na m\u00edst\u011b nebyly nalezeny \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 ostatky, d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee Arroyo Seco 2 bylo pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b sez\u00f3nn\u00edm loveck\u00fdm t\u00e1borem pro lidi p\u0159ed kulturou Clovis. P\u0159\u00edtomnost kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f, zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edch kost\u00ed a absence p\u0159irozen\u00fdch kostn\u00edch past\u00ed, to v\u0161e nasv\u011bd\u010duje lidsk\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edtomnosti.<\/p>\n\n

Podp\u016frn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy z dal\u0161\u00edch lokalit<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1lezy v Arroyo Seco 2 nejsou ojedin\u011bl\u00e9. Dal\u0161\u00ed archeologick\u00e9 lokality v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe poskytly podobn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy \u010dasn\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bkem. Nap\u0159\u00edklad archeolog Tom Dillehay identifikoval artefakty z 14 000 let star\u00e9ho lidsk\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed v Chile na konci 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Implikace pro lidskou migraci<\/h2>\n\n

D\u016fkazy z Arroyo Seco 2 a dal\u0161\u00edch lokalit zpochyb\u0148uj\u00ed tradi\u010dn\u00ed pohled na lidskou migraci do Ameriky. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 mohli dorazit do Ji\u017en\u00ed Ameriky o tis\u00edce let d\u0159\u00edve, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo, a \u017ee Clovisk\u00e1 kultura nebyla jedinou skupinou, kter\u00e1 se pod\u00edlela na kolonizaci kontinentu.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam Arroyo Seco 2<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1lezy v Arroyo Seco 2 poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o expanzi druhu Homo sapiens po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee lid\u00e9 byli p\u0159\u00edtomni v ji\u017en\u00ed Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe nejm\u00e9n\u011b p\u0159ed 14 000 lety a \u017ee byli zru\u010dn\u00fdmi lovci a v\u00fdrobci n\u00e1stroj\u016f, kte\u0159\u00ed se p\u0159izp\u016fsobili jedine\u010dn\u00e9mu prost\u0159ed\u00ed pamp.<\/p>\n\n

Prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n

Archeologov\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00ed ve vykop\u00e1vk\u00e1ch a studiu lokality Arroyo Seco 2 v nad\u011bji, \u017ee odhal\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed d\u016fkazy o \u010dasn\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 \u010dinnosti v regionu. Tento v\u00fdzkum n\u00e1m pom\u00e1h\u00e1 pochopit slo\u017eitou historii lidsk\u00e9 migrace a os\u00eddlen\u00ed v Americe.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

D\u016fkazy o \u010dasn\u00e9m os\u00eddlen\u00ed Argentiny lidmi Archeologick\u00e9 objevy v Arroyo Seco 2 Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159ilo, \u017ee Clovisk\u00e1 kultura byla prvn\u00ed skupinou lid\u00ed, kter\u00e1 p\u0159ekro\u010dila Beringovu \u00fa\u017einu a usadila…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":23829,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,16354,1674,15601,2218,1714,253,16353],"class_list":["post-12100","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-arroyo-seco-2","tag-south-america","tag-stone-tools","tag-hunting","tag-human-migration","tag-prehistory","tag-animal-bones"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12100","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12100"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12100\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12101,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12100\/revisions\/12101"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/23829"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12100"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12100"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12100"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}