{"id":12124,"date":"2022-11-07T05:00:30","date_gmt":"2022-11-07T05:00:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12124"},"modified":"2022-11-07T05:00:30","modified_gmt":"2022-11-07T05:00:30","slug":"repatriation-of-native-american-cultural-heritage","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/uncategorized\/repatriation-of-native-american-cultural-heritage\/","title":{"rendered":"Repatriace kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch Ameri\u010dan\u016f: Historie, v\u00fdzvy a \u00fasp\u011bchy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Navr\u00e1cen\u00ed kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Ameriky<\/h2>\n\n

Historie repatriace<\/h2>\n\n

Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kmeny sna\u017eily o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly jejich komunit\u00e1m od\u0148aty p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let. P\u0159esto\u017ee doch\u00e1zelo k ob\u010dasn\u00fdm repatriac\u00edm, tento proces \u010dasto br\u00e1nil nedostatek finan\u010dn\u00ed a pr\u00e1vn\u00ed podpory.<\/p>\n\n

NAGPRA a N\u00e1rodn\u00ed muzeum americk\u00fdch Indi\u00e1n\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V letech 1989 a 1990 Kongres schv\u00e1lil z\u00e1kon o N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeu americk\u00fdch Indi\u00e1n\u016f a z\u00e1kon o ochran\u011b indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch hrob\u016f a repatriaci (NAGPRA). Tyto z\u00e1kony vy\u017eaduj\u00ed, aby muzea a agentury, kter\u00e9 dost\u00e1vaj\u00ed feder\u00e1ln\u00ed prost\u0159edky, po \u017e\u00e1dosti kmen\u016f uznan\u00fdch feder\u00e1ln\u00ed vl\u00e1dou provedly inventarizaci a repatriaci indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch artefakt\u016f a lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f. N\u00e1rodn\u00ed muzeum americk\u00fdch Indi\u00e1n\u016f m\u00e1 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed kancel\u00e1\u0159 v ter\u00e9nu, kter\u00e1 se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 repatriac\u00ed, a vr\u00e1tila tis\u00edce artefakt\u016f komunit\u00e1m v cel\u00e9 z\u00e1padn\u00ed polokouli.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam repatriace<\/h2>\n\n

Navr\u00e1cen\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f je pro indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kmeny z\u00e1sadn\u00ed, proto\u017ee maj\u00ed hlubok\u00fd kulturn\u00ed a duchovn\u00ed v\u00fdznam. Nap\u0159\u00edklad se v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee masky a \u010delenky jsou \u017eivouc\u00edmi entitami, kter\u00e9 zt\u011bles\u0148uj\u00ed duchy. Uchov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f v depozit\u00e1\u0159\u00edch muze\u00ed je pova\u017eov\u00e1no za ur\u00e1\u017eku indi\u00e1nsk\u00fdch p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy a kontroverze<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159es p\u0159ijet\u00ed NAGPRA z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed v procesu repatriace v\u00fdzvy. Jedn\u00edm z probl\u00e9m\u016f je ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nosti kmene u nep\u0159i\u010dlen\u011bn\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edpadech mohou muzea a antropologov\u00e9 nesouhlasit se star\u0161\u00edmi kmene ohledn\u011b toho, kter\u00fd kmen m\u00e1 opr\u00e1vn\u011bn\u00fd n\u00e1rok na ur\u010dit\u00e9 artefakty.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzvou je potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed konflikt mezi feder\u00e1ln\u00edmi p\u0159edpisy a v\u00edrou kmene. Nap\u0159\u00edklad NAGPRA vy\u017eaduje, aby byly lidsk\u00e9 ostatky repatriov\u00e1ny kmeni, kter\u00fd m\u00e1 nejsiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed kulturn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161nost, i kdy\u017e nejsou p\u0159\u00edmo p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed s p\u0159edky kmene. To vedlo ke spor\u016fm mezi kmeny a tak\u00e9 mezi kmeny a muzei.<\/p>\n\n

Role kmenov\u00e9ho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Sta\u0159e\u0161inov\u00e9 kmene hraj\u00ed v procesu repatriace z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli. Maj\u00ed rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 znalosti o sv\u00e9 kultu\u0159e a historii a mohou pomoci identifikovat a ov\u011b\u0159it artefakty a lidsk\u00e9 ostatky. Jejich duchovn\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed t\u011bmto p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016fm je tak\u00e9 nezbytn\u00e9 pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed toho, aby byly zach\u00e1zeny s \u00factou a d\u016fstojnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dasp\u011bchy a prob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fasil\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Navzdory v\u00fdzv\u00e1m byla NAGPRA v\u00fdznamn\u00fdm \u00fasp\u011bchem v pomoci domorod\u00fdm Ameri\u010dan\u016fm znovu z\u00edskat jejich kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Byly repatriov\u00e1ny tis\u00edce artefakt\u016f a lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f a proces pokra\u010duje.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00e1va a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Ameriky<\/h2>\n\n

Repatriace indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho kulturn\u00edho majetku je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho boje za pr\u00e1va a uzn\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Ameriky. Po stalet\u00ed \u010delili indi\u00e1n\u0161t\u00ed Ameri\u010dan\u00e9 diskriminaci a \u00fatlaku a jejich kulturn\u00ed d\u011bdictv\u00ed bylo ohro\u017eeno. Navr\u00e1cen\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f je krokem k uzdraven\u00ed ran minulosti a obnoven\u00ed d\u016fstojnosti domorod\u00fdch americk\u00fdch n\u00e1rod\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Navr\u00e1cen\u00ed kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch obyvatel Ameriky Historie repatriace Po cel\u00e1 desetilet\u00ed se indi\u00e1nsk\u00e9 kmeny sna\u017eily o navr\u00e1cen\u00ed posv\u00e1tn\u00fdch p\u0159edm\u011bt\u016f a lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f, kter\u00e9 byly jejich komunit\u00e1m od\u0148aty p\u0159ed des\u00edtkami let.…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[40,346,1480,16393,16394,4704,16392],"class_list":["post-12124","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized","tag-native-american-heritage","tag-cultural-identity","tag-human-remains","tag-nagpra","tag-national-museum-of-the-american-indian","tag-repatriation","tag-sacred-objects"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12124","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12124"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12124\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12125,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12124\/revisions\/12125"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12124"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12124"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12124"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}