{"id":12135,"date":"2022-06-14T06:23:14","date_gmt":"2022-06-14T06:23:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12135"},"modified":"2022-06-14T06:23:14","modified_gmt":"2022-06-14T06:23:14","slug":"the-smithsonian-tiger-a-history-of-man-eating-and-conservation","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/the-smithsonian-tiger-a-history-of-man-eating-and-conservation\/","title":{"rendered":"Beng\u00e1lsk\u00fd tygr ve Smithsonianu: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh lido\u017erav\u00fdch tygr\u016f a jejich ochrany"},"content":{"rendered":"

Beng\u00e1lsk\u00fd tygr ve Smithsonianu: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh lido\u017erav\u00fdch tygr\u016f a jejich ochrany<\/h2>\n\n

Tygr vystaven\u00fd v muzeu<\/h2>\n\n

V N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed historie ve Smithsonianu majest\u00e1tn\u00ed beng\u00e1lsk\u00fd tygr let\u00ed vzduchem, jeho \u201ed\u011bsiv\u00e1 symetrie\u201c zachycen\u00e1 v polovin\u011b skoku. Tato 11 stop dlouh\u00e1 bestie byla kdysi proslul\u00fdm lido\u017eroutem, dokud ji v roce 1967 nezabil lovec velk\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e David Hasinger.<\/p>\n\n

Lido\u017erav\u00ed tyg\u0159i: Komplexn\u00ed probl\u00e9m<\/h2>\n\n

Slavn\u00fd lovec Jim Corbett v\u011b\u0159il, \u017ee tyg\u0159i se uchyluj\u00ed k lido\u017eroutstv\u00ed, pouze kdy\u017e jsou vystaveni stresu z okolnost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nemohou ovlivnit. Tygr ve Smithsonianu mohl nebo nemusel odpov\u00eddat tomuto profilu, proto\u017ee jeho p\u0159esn\u00e1 historie nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma. Jist\u00e9 v\u0161ak je, \u017ee tento 857libern\u00ed pred\u00e1tor nem\u011bl hlad, kdy\u017e ho Hasinger zabil.<\/p>\n\n

Lido\u017erout z \u010campawatu<\/h2>\n\n

Corbettovy zku\u0161enosti s lovem lido\u017erout\u016f v Indii poskytuj\u00ed n\u00e1hled na slo\u017eitost tohoto chov\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeden takov\u00fd tygr, zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako lido\u017erout z \u010campawatu, zabil 436 lid\u00ed, ne\u017e ho Corbett vyp\u00e1tral a zast\u0159elil. Podle Corbetta mu jeho zlomen\u00e9 zuby br\u00e1nily ulovit jeho p\u0159irozenou ko\u0159ist a p\u0159im\u011bly ho st\u00e1t se lido\u017eroutem.<\/p>\n\n

M\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se expozice ve Smithsonianu<\/h2>\n\n

Pot\u00e9, co Hasinger daroval lido\u017erav\u00e9ho tygra Smithsonianu v roce 1969, byl zpo\u010d\u00e1tku vystaven s jel\u00ednkem axis, kter\u00fd p\u0159ed n\u00edm ut\u00edkal. Obavy z vykreslen\u00ed tyg\u0159\u00ed agrese v\u0161ak vedly k odstran\u011bn\u00ed jel\u00ednka v roce 1976.<\/p>\n\n

Pokles po\u010dtu tygr\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Na po\u010d\u00e1tku 70. let 20. stolet\u00ed ji\u017e populace tygr\u016f klesala. Nadm\u011brn\u00fd lov, ztr\u00e1ta p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed a pytl\u00e1ctv\u00ed kv\u016fli k\u016f\u017e\u00edm a \u010d\u00e1stem t\u011bla tygr\u016f p\u0159isp\u011bly k tomuto znepokojiv\u00e9mu trendu. Dnes zb\u00fdv\u00e1 v divo\u010din\u011b pouze asi 5 000 tygr\u016f, oproti 100 000 na p\u0159elomu stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Konflikt mezi \u010dlov\u011bkem a tygrem: Historick\u00e1 perspektiva<\/h2>\n\n

V minulosti spolu lid\u00e9 a tyg\u0159i soupe\u0159ili o potravu a zdroje. I kdy\u017e tyg\u0159i p\u0159irozen\u011b nepova\u017euj\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka za ko\u0159ist, mohou ho vn\u00edmat jako konkurenta. V n\u011bkter\u00fdch oblastech se tyg\u0159i stali pravideln\u00fdmi pred\u00e1tory \u010dlov\u011bka, nap\u0159\u00edklad v mangrovov\u00fdch ba\u017ein\u00e1ch Sundarbans na hranici mezi Indi\u00ed a Banglad\u00e9\u0161em.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody<\/h2>\n\n

Ochrana p\u0159irozen\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed tygr\u016f je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed. Navzdory ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed, jako je Operace tygr, \u010del\u00ed tyg\u0159i st\u00e1le mnoha hrozb\u00e1m. Fond Save the Tiger, kter\u00fd zalo\u017eily spole\u010dnost Exxon Corporation a Nadace pro ryby a divokou zv\u011b\u0159, si klade za c\u00edl tyto v\u00fdzvy \u0159e\u0161it.<\/p>\n\n

Budoucnost tygr\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

A\u010dkoli vyhl\u00eddky na spat\u0159en\u00ed divok\u00fdch tygr\u016f se sni\u017euj\u00ed, jejich p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy \u017eij\u00ed d\u00e1l v na\u0161ich mysl\u00edch. Expozice tygr\u016f ve Smithsonianu, nyn\u00ed znovu spojen\u00e1 s jel\u00ednkem axis, slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka pot\u0159eby ochrany. Pochopen\u00edm slo\u017eit\u00e9ho vztahu mezi lidmi a tygry m\u016f\u017eeme usilovat o budoucnost, ve kter\u00e9 mohou oba druhy koexistovat v m\u00edru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Beng\u00e1lsk\u00fd tygr ve Smithsonianu: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh lido\u017erav\u00fdch tygr\u016f a jejich ochrany Tygr vystaven\u00fd v muzeu V N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeu p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed historie ve Smithsonianu majest\u00e1tn\u00ed beng\u00e1lsk\u00fd tygr let\u00ed vzduchem, jeho \u201ed\u011bsiv\u00e1 symetrie\u201c zachycen\u00e1…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[254,16403,401,5932,16402],"class_list":["post-12135","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-wildlife","tag-man-eating","tag-conservation","tag-smithsonian","tag-tiger"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12135","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12135"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12135\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12136,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12135\/revisions\/12136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12135"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12135"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12135"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}