{"id":12256,"date":"2022-08-26T08:53:52","date_gmt":"2022-08-26T08:53:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12256"},"modified":"2022-08-26T08:53:52","modified_gmt":"2022-08-26T08:53:52","slug":"japanese-water-beetle-escapes-from-frogs-anus","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/japanese-water-beetle-escapes-from-frogs-anus\/","title":{"rendered":"Regimbartia attenuata: Brouk, kter\u00fd unik\u00e1 \u017e\u00e1b\u00e1m"},"content":{"rendered":"

Regimbartia attenuata: Brouk, kter\u00fd unik\u00e1 \u017eab\u00e1m<\/h2>\n\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n

Regimbartia attenuata, mal\u00fd japonsk\u00fd vodn\u00ed brouk, vlastn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost: dok\u00e1\u017ee uniknout z tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu \u017eab, a to \u017eiv\u00fd a nezran\u011bn\u00fd kloakou \u017e\u00e1by. Tento pozoruhodn\u00fd v\u00fdkon zdokumentoval ekolog Shinji Sugiura z Kobe University, kter\u00fd provedl rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd v\u00fdzkum vztahu pred\u00e1tor-ko\u0159ist mezi R. attenuata a \u017e\u00e1bami.<\/p>\n\n

Mechanismus \u00faniku<\/h2>\n\n

Kdy\u017e R. attenuata spolkne \u017e\u00e1ba, z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b dv\u011b hodiny neaktivn\u00ed. Pot\u00e9 se za\u010dne pomoc\u00ed nohou aktivn\u011b pohybovat tr\u00e1vic\u00edm syst\u00e9mem \u017e\u00e1by. Tento pohyb stimuluje kloak\u00e1ln\u00ed sv\u011bra\u010d \u017e\u00e1by, co\u017e zp\u016fsob\u00ed, \u017ee brouka vyk\u00e1lela. Cel\u00fd proces \u00faniku m\u016f\u017ee trvat od \u0161esti minut do \u010dty\u0159 hodin.<\/p>\n\n

Obrann\u00e1 strategie<\/h2>\n\n

Sugiura p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee R. attenuata si tento mechanismus \u00faniku vyvinul jako obranu proti \u017e\u00e1b\u00e1m, co\u017e jsou nenasytn\u00ed pred\u00e1to\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed konzumuj\u00ed \u0161irokou \u0161k\u00e1lu hmyzu. \u00danikem z tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu \u017e\u00e1by se brouk vyhne str\u00e1ven\u00ed a smrti.<\/p>\n\n

Fyziologick\u00e9 adaptace<\/h2>\n\n

R. attenuata m\u00e1 n\u011bkolik fyziologick\u00fdch adaptac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 mu \u00fanik usnad\u0148uj\u00ed. D\u00edky sv\u00e9 mal\u00e9 velikosti a duhov\u011b \u010dern\u00e9 barv\u011b m\u016f\u017ee snadno proch\u00e1zet tr\u00e1vic\u00edm syst\u00e9mem \u017e\u00e1by. Jeho nohy jsou nav\u00edc pokryty drobn\u00fdmi chloupky, kter\u00e9 mu pom\u00e1haj\u00ed uchopit se st\u0159evn\u00edch st\u011bn \u017e\u00e1by a pohybovat se vp\u0159ed.<\/p>\n\n

\u00dasp\u011b\u0161nost \u00faniku<\/h2>\n\n

Sugiur\u016fv v\u00fdzkum uk\u00e1zal, \u017ee R. attenuata m\u00e1 vysokou \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nost v \u00faniku ze \u017eab. V experimentech s Pelophylax nigromaculatus, b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm druhem \u017e\u00e1by v Japonsku, dok\u00e1zalo uniknout kloakou \u017e\u00e1by p\u0159es 93 % brouk\u016f. Podobn\u00e9 m\u00edry \u00fasp\u011b\u0161nosti byly pozorov\u00e1ny u dal\u0161\u00edch \u010dty\u0159 druh\u016f \u017eab.<\/p>\n\n

Vliv na pred\u00e1tory \u017eab<\/h2>\n\n

Schopnost R. attenuata uniknout ze \u017eab m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u016fsledky pro dynamiku pred\u00e1tor-ko\u0159ist mezi t\u011bmito dv\u011bma druhy. \u017d\u00e1by se mo\u017en\u00e1 vyhnou konzumaci R. attenuata, pokud si budou v\u011bdomy jeho schopnosti \u00faniku. P\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b mohou \u017e\u00e1by brouka i nad\u00e1le konzumovat, ale s ob\u010dasnou ztr\u00e1tou j\u00eddla kv\u016fli \u00faniku brouka.<\/p>\n\n

Dal\u0161\u00ed mechanismy \u00faniku u brouk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

R. attenuata nen\u00ed jedin\u00fdm druhem brouka s neobvykl\u00fdmi mechanismy \u00faniku. Nap\u0159\u00edklad st\u0159evl\u00edkovit\u00ed brouci mohou p\u0159i ohro\u017een\u00ed st\u0159\u00edkat toxick\u00fd chemick\u00fd koktejl, kter\u00fd nut\u00ed pred\u00e1tory, aby je pustili. Jin\u00ed brouci mohou sv\u00fdmi kusadly nebo nohami zp\u016fsobit pred\u00e1tor\u016fm bolest a odradit je tak od konzumace brouka.<\/p>\n\n

Budouc\u00ed v\u00fdzkum<\/h2>\n\n

Sugiur\u016fv v\u00fdzkum osv\u011btlil pozoruhodn\u00e9 schopnosti \u00faniku u R. attenuata. Jsou zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed studie k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch mechanism\u016f, kter\u00e9 se na \u00faniku brouka pod\u00edlej\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b role jeho nohou a stimulace kloak\u00e1ln\u00edho sv\u011bra\u010de \u017e\u00e1by. Krom\u011b toho je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed v\u00fdzkum k prozkoum\u00e1n\u00ed ekologick\u00fdch d\u016fsledk\u016f schopnost\u00ed \u00faniku brouka a jeho dopadu na dynamiku pred\u00e1tor-ko\u0159ist v akvatick\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mech.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Regimbartia attenuata: Brouk, kter\u00fd unik\u00e1 \u017eab\u00e1m \u00davod Regimbartia attenuata, mal\u00fd japonsk\u00fd vodn\u00ed brouk, vlastn\u00ed mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost: dok\u00e1\u017ee uniknout z tr\u00e1vic\u00edho traktu \u017eab, a to \u017eiv\u00fd a nezran\u011bn\u00fd kloakou \u017e\u00e1by. Tento…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[2706,16560,16557,16556,16559,16555,16558,16554,613,342],"class_list":["post-12256","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-animal-adaptations","tag-wildlife-biology","tag-predator-prey-dynamics","tag-japanese-water-beetle","tag-unusual-animal-behaviors","tag-frog-predators","tag-regimbartia-attenuata","tag-beetle-escape-mechanisms","tag-scientific-discovery","tag-life-science"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12256","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12256"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12256\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12257,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12256\/revisions\/12257"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12256"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12256"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12256"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}