{"id":12302,"date":"2020-02-01T15:57:58","date_gmt":"2020-02-01T15:57:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12302"},"modified":"2020-02-01T15:57:58","modified_gmt":"2020-02-01T15:57:58","slug":"rocket-debris-a-hidden-danger-from-space","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/space-exploration\/rocket-debris-a-hidden-danger-from-space\/","title":{"rendered":"Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd odpad: skryt\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed z vesm\u00edru"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd odpad: Skryt\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed z vesm\u00edru<\/h2>\n\n

Pochopen\u00ed rizika<\/h2>\n\n

Starty raket jsou st\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale co se stane s vy\u0159azen\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi t\u011bchto raket, kdy\u017e u\u017e doslou\u017e\u00ed? Bohu\u017eel mnoho z t\u011bchto raketov\u00fdch t\u011bles reenteruje atmosf\u00e9ru Zem\u011b nekontrolovan\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, co\u017e p\u0159edstavuje potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro lidi a majetek.<\/p>\n\n

Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v Nature Astronomy odhaduje, \u017ee pokud budou sou\u010dasn\u00e9 postupy pokra\u010dovat, existuje p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 10% \u0161ance na nejm\u00e9n\u011b jednu ob\u011b\u0165 b\u011bhem n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed dek\u00e1dy zp\u016fsobenou padaj\u00edc\u00edm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm odpadem. P\u0159esto\u017ee je toto riziko statisticky n\u00edzk\u00e9, nelze ho ignorovat, zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b kdy\u017e uv\u00e1\u017e\u00edme, \u017ee je zcela zbytn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

Geografick\u00e9 rozlo\u017een\u00ed rizika<\/h2>\n\n

M\u00edsto dopadu raketov\u00fdch t\u011bles je t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 p\u0159edpov\u011bd\u011bt kv\u016fli mnoha prom\u011bnn\u00fdm. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak zjistili, \u017ee lid\u00e9 \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm jihu \u010del\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00edmu riziku z\u00e1sahu padaj\u00edc\u00edm vesm\u00edrn\u00fdm odpadem. Je to proto, \u017ee je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee raketov\u00e1 t\u011blesa dopadnou na zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky m\u011bst jako Jakarta, Dh\u00e1ka a Lagos ne\u017e na zem\u011bpisn\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky New Yorku, Pekingu nebo Moskvy.<\/p>\n\n

Strategie zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Existuje technologie pro bezpe\u010dn\u00fd n\u00e1vrat raketov\u00fdch t\u011bles na Zemi, ale m\u00edsta start\u016f a spole\u010dnosti se \u010dasto zdr\u00e1haj\u00ed p\u0159evz\u00edt souvisej\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1klady. Odborn\u00edci v\u0161ak tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee tento probl\u00e9m lze vy\u0159e\u0161it politickou v\u016fl\u00ed a sou\u010dasnou technologi\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Jedna strategie spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch reentry, kdy jsou rakety \u00famysln\u011b deorbitov\u00e1ny a navedeny na bezpe\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edsto p\u0159ist\u00e1n\u00ed. Dal\u0161\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem je navrhov\u00e1n\u00ed raket, kter\u00e9 se p\u0159i op\u011btovn\u00e9m vstupu rozpadnou na men\u0161\u00ed kusy, co\u017e sni\u017euje riziko po\u0161kozen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Environment\u00e1ln\u00ed a ekonomick\u00e9 dopady<\/h2>\n\n

Krom\u011b nebezpe\u010d\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed p\u0159i op\u011btovn\u00e9m vstupu, mohou raketov\u00e1 t\u011blesa ponechan\u00e1 na ob\u011b\u017en\u00e9 dr\u00e1ze ve vesm\u00edru p\u0159edstavovat tak\u00e9 kolizn\u00ed nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro satelity a explodovat v d\u016fsledku paliva, kter\u00e9 z\u016fstalo na palub\u011b. Tento vesm\u00edrn\u00fd odpad m\u016f\u017ee naru\u0161it satelitn\u00ed komunikaci, naviga\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my a v\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdzkum.<\/p>\n\n

Ekonomick\u00e9 d\u016fsledky nekontrolovan\u00e9ho vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu mohou b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 zna\u010dn\u00e9. Po\u0161kozen\u00ed nebo ztr\u00e1ta satelit\u016f m\u016f\u017ee v\u00e9st k naru\u0161en\u00ed komunikace, dopravy a finan\u010dn\u00edch slu\u017eeb, co\u017e bude st\u00e1t miliardy dolar\u016f. Nav\u00edc je \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu n\u00e1kladn\u00fd a slo\u017eit\u00fd podnik.<\/p>\n\n

Etick\u00e9 \u00favahy<\/h2>\n\n

Nekontrolovan\u00fd reentry vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 etick\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky. Je nef\u00e9r vystavovat lidi, zejm\u00e9na ty v glob\u00e1ln\u00edm jihu, zbyte\u010dn\u00fdm rizik\u016fm bez jejich v\u011bdom\u00ed nebo souhlasu.<\/p>\n\n

Krom\u011b toho vy\u017eaduje udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru odpov\u011bdn\u00e9 postupy, kter\u00e9 minimalizuj\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu a chr\u00e1n\u00ed bezpe\u010dnost jak kosmick\u00fdch aktiv, tak lid\u00ed na Zemi.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed a regula\u010dn\u00ed r\u00e1mce<\/h2>\n\n

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b neexistuje komplexn\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed r\u00e1mec pro regulaci vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu. N\u011bkter\u00e9 zem\u011b v\u0161ak p\u0159ijaly vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy nebo sm\u011brnice. Nap\u0159\u00edklad americk\u00fd Feder\u00e1ln\u00ed \u00fa\u0159ad pro letectv\u00ed (FAA) vy\u017eaduje, aby komer\u010dn\u00ed starty raket minimalizovaly riziko \u00falomk\u016f p\u0159i op\u011btovn\u00e9m vstupu.<\/p>\n\n

Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed spolupr\u00e1ce k vypracov\u00e1n\u00ed a prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed glob\u00e1ln\u00edch norem pro bezpe\u010dnou likvidaci vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu. Mohlo by to zahrnovat dohody o \u0159\u00edzen\u00fdch reentry, sledov\u00e1n\u00ed \u00falomk\u016f a odpov\u011bdnost za \u0161kody zp\u016fsoben\u00e9 nekontrolovateln\u00fdmi reentry.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Nekontrolovan\u00fd reentry vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho odpadu je v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9, ale \u0159e\u0161iteln\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed. P\u0159ijet\u00edm odpov\u011bdn\u00fdch postup\u016f, investov\u00e1n\u00edm do technologi\u00ed zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed a vytvo\u0159en\u00edm jasn\u00fdch pr\u00e1vn\u00edch a regula\u010dn\u00edch r\u00e1mc\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme minimalizovat rizika spojen\u00e1 se starty raket a zajistit udr\u017eiteln\u00fd rozvoj pr\u016fzkumu vesm\u00edru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vesm\u00edrn\u00fd odpad: Skryt\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed z vesm\u00edru Pochopen\u00ed rizika Starty raket jsou st\u00e1le b\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, ale co se stane s vy\u0159azen\u00fdmi \u010d\u00e1stmi t\u011bchto raket, kdy\u017e u\u017e doslou\u017e\u00ed? Bohu\u017eel mnoho z t\u011bchto raketov\u00fdch…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[494],"tags":[16618,16620,16621,16617,16619],"class_list":["post-12302","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-space-exploration","tag-space-safety","tag-re-entry-risk","tag-space-sustainability","tag-rocket-debris","tag-orbital-debris"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12302","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12302"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12302\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12303,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12302\/revisions\/12303"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12302"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12302"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12302"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}