{"id":12419,"date":"2020-01-31T08:58:44","date_gmt":"2020-01-31T08:58:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12419"},"modified":"2020-01-31T08:58:44","modified_gmt":"2020-01-31T08:58:44","slug":"zebra-stripes-camouflage-mystery","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/zebra-stripes-camouflage-mystery\/","title":{"rendered":"Pruhy zeber: Nejen pro maskov\u00e1n\u00ed?"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pruhy zeber: Nejen pro maskov\u00e1n\u00ed?<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1hada pruh\u016f zeber<\/h2>\n\n<p>Po stalet\u00ed v\u011bdci diskutuj\u00ed o \u00fa\u010delu pruh\u016f zeber. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrdili, \u017ee poskytuj\u00ed maskov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed nazna\u010dili, \u017ee maj\u00ed spole\u010denskou nebo termoregula\u010dn\u00ed funkci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Maskov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo ne?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Tradi\u010dn\u00ed n\u00e1zor byl takov\u00fd, \u017ee pruhy zeber pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at\u016fm skr\u00fdvat se p\u0159ed pred\u00e1tory. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v \u010dasopise PLOS One v\u0161ak tuto teorii zpochyb\u0148uje.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci pou\u017eili digit\u00e1ln\u00ed sn\u00edmky zeber v Tanzanii k simulaci toho, jak by zv\u00ed\u0159ata vypadala pro r\u016fzn\u00e9 pred\u00e1tory, jako jsou lvi, hyeny a jin\u00e9 zebry. Zjistili, \u017ee zat\u00edmco lid\u00e9 mohli spat\u0159it zebry na vzd\u00e1lenost a\u017e 50 metr\u016f b\u011bhem dne a 30 metr\u016f za soumraku, pred\u00e1to\u0159i je nedok\u00e1zali vid\u011bt tak daleko.<\/p>\n\n<p>Za dob\u0159e osv\u011btlen\u00fdch podm\u00ednek dok\u00e1zali lid\u00e9 spat\u0159it pruhy zeber z 2,6kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti ne\u017e zebry, 4,5kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti ne\u017e lvi a 7,5kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenosti ne\u017e hyeny. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee alespo\u0148 na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti pruhy nep\u016fsob\u00ed jako \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 maskov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<p>V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tak\u00e9 zjistili, \u017ee pred\u00e1to\u0159i dok\u00e1zali vid\u011bt obrysy zeber stejn\u011b dob\u0159e jako jinou ko\u0159ist na bl\u00edzkou vzd\u00e1lenost. Zebry byly tak\u00e9 \u0161patn\u00e9 v tom, \u017ee se navz\u00e1jem vid\u011bly na velk\u00e9 vzd\u00e1lenosti, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee pruhy nemaj\u00ed \u017e\u00e1dnou skute\u010dnou spole\u010denskou v\u00fdhodu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Alternativn\u00ed teorie<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pokud pruhy zeber nejsou prim\u00e1rn\u011b ur\u010deny pro maskov\u00e1n\u00ed, jak\u00fdm dal\u0161\u00edm \u00fa\u010del\u016fm by mohly slou\u017eit? Bylo navr\u017eeno n\u011bkolik alternativn\u00edch teori\u00ed:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed kmen\u016f strom\u016f:<\/strong> N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011bdci nazna\u010dili, \u017ee pruhy zeber napodobuj\u00ed kmeny strom\u016f, co\u017e mate pred\u00e1tory v zalesn\u011bn\u00fdch oblastech.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Spl\u00fdv\u00e1n\u00ed s prost\u0159ed\u00edm:<\/strong> Jin\u00ed navrhli, \u017ee pruhy pom\u00e1haj\u00ed zebr\u00e1m splynout s okol\u00edm, co\u017e je \u010din\u00ed m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1padn\u00fdmi pro pred\u00e1tory.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Odpuzov\u00e1n\u00ed bodav\u00e9ho hmyzu:<\/strong> Dal\u0161\u00ed teorie \u0159\u00edk\u00e1, \u017ee pruhy zeber odpuzuj\u00ed bodav\u00fd hmyz. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie publikovan\u00e1 v Royal Society Open Science v\u0161ak nena\u0161la \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 d\u016fkazy podporuj\u00edc\u00ed tuto teorii.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Multifaktori\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u016fvod<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci, kte\u0159\u00ed stoj\u00ed za studi\u00ed PLOS One, nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee selektivn\u00ed tlaky, kter\u00e9 \u0159\u00edd\u00ed pruhov\u00e1n\u00ed zeber, jsou pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b \u201erozmanit\u00e9 a komplexn\u00ed\u201c. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, pruhy zeber se mohly vyvinout z kombinace d\u016fvod\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b maskov\u00e1n\u00ed, spole\u010densk\u00e9 signalizace a termoregulace.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Debata o \u00fa\u010delu pruh\u016f zeber zdaleka neskon\u010dila. Nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tradi\u010dn\u00ed pohled na pruhy jako na maskov\u00e1n\u00ed nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt zcela p\u0159esn\u00fd. Je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, abychom pln\u011b pochopili evolu\u010dn\u00ed p\u016fvod a funkce tohoto ikonick\u00e9ho zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edho vzoru.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Pruhy zeber: Nejen pro maskov\u00e1n\u00ed? Z\u00e1hada pruh\u016f zeber Po stalet\u00ed v\u011bdci diskutuj\u00ed o \u00fa\u010delu pruh\u016f zeber. N\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed tvrdili, \u017ee poskytuj\u00ed maskov\u00e1n\u00ed, zat\u00edmco jin\u00ed nazna\u010dili, \u017ee maj\u00ed spole\u010denskou nebo termoregula\u010dn\u00ed funkci.&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[309,136,743,1832,16791],"class_list":["post-12419","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-animal-behavior","tag-evolution","tag-camouflage","tag-nature-mystery","tag-zebra-stripes"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12419","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12419"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12419\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12420,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12419\/revisions\/12420"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}