{"id":1242,"date":"2023-05-06T05:51:16","date_gmt":"2023-05-06T05:51:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=1242"},"modified":"2023-05-06T05:51:16","modified_gmt":"2023-05-06T05:51:16","slug":"scorpion-bombs-an-ancient-weapon-of-war","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ancient-history\/scorpion-bombs-an-ancient-weapon-of-war\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby: starov\u011bk\u00e1 zbra\u0148"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0160t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby: starov\u011bk\u00e1 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 zbra\u0148<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historie \u0161t\u00edrn\u00edch bomb<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0160t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby byly unik\u00e1tn\u00ed a smrt\u00edc\u00ed zbran\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvanou starov\u011bk\u00fdmi obyvateli pevnostn\u00edho m\u011bsta Hatra, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zelo na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Ir\u00e1ku. Ve druh\u00e9m stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu obyvatel\u00e9 Hatry \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b ubr\u00e1nili sv\u00e9 m\u011bsto p\u0159ed \u00fato\u010d\u00edc\u00ed \u0159\u00edmskou arm\u00e1dou t\u00edm, \u017ee na legion\u00e1\u0159e h\u00e1zeli n\u00e1doby pln\u00e9 smrt\u00edc\u00edch \u0161t\u00edr\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0161t\u00edrn\u00edch bomb bylo poprv\u00e9 zdokumentov\u00e1no v knize &#8220;\u0158eck\u00fd ohe\u0148, jedovat\u00e9 \u0161\u00edpy a \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby&#8221; od Adrienne Mayorov\u00e9. Mayorov\u00e1 ve sv\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu zjistila, \u017ee recept na \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby byl obl\u00edben\u00fd mezi mlad\u00fdmi chlapci a dokonce i n\u011bkter\u00fdmi d\u00edvkami, kte\u0159\u00ed si u\u017e\u00edvali v\u00fdrobu a pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto \u017eiv\u00fdch &#8220;gran\u00e1t\u016f&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak vyrobit \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bombu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Starov\u011bk\u00e1 technika v\u00fdroby \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby spo\u010d\u00edvala v opatrn\u00e9 aplikaci slin na jedov\u00fd konec \u0161t\u00edra. To vy\u017eadovalo pevn\u00e9 nervy a dokonalou mu\u0161ku. Bezpe\u010dn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed metodu v\u0161ak vyvinul t\u00fdm National Geographic, kter\u00e1 spo\u010d\u00edvala v um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed \u0161t\u00edr\u016f do chladni\u010dky, aby se p\u0159ed ka\u017edou fotografickou seanc\u00ed uvedli do stavu strnulosti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Slo\u017een\u00ed \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby<\/h2>\n\n<p>Hlavn\u00ed slo\u017ekou \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby jsou samoz\u0159ejm\u011b \u0161t\u00ed\u0159i. Nejb\u011b\u017en\u011bj\u0161\u00edm typem \u0161t\u00edra pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho ve \u0161t\u00edrn\u00edch bomb\u00e1ch byl ir\u00e1ck\u00fd smrtono\u0161, vysoce jedovat\u00fd druh. Mezi dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsady mohly pat\u0159it ne\u010distoty, p\u00edsek nebo jin\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly, kter\u00fdmi se bomba zat\u00ed\u017eila a znesnadnilo se jej\u00ed h\u00e1zen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00da\u010dinky \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kdy\u017e byla \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bomba hozena na nep\u0159\u00edtele, \u0161t\u00ed\u0159i se rozpt\u00fdlili a bodli ka\u017ed\u00e9ho, s k\u00fdm p\u0159i\u0161li do styku. Bodnut\u00ed ir\u00e1ck\u00e9ho smrtono\u0161e je extr\u00e9mn\u011b bolestiv\u00e9 a m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my, v\u010detn\u011b ochrnut\u00ed a dokonce i smrti.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0161t\u00edrn\u00edch bomb ve v\u00e1l\u010den\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0160t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby byly vysoce \u00fa\u010dinnou zbran\u00ed ve starov\u011bk\u00e9m v\u00e1le\u010dnictv\u00ed. Byly pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny k obran\u011b m\u011bst, odra\u017een\u00ed \u00fato\u010dn\u00edk\u016f a dokonce i k vra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fdch v\u016fdc\u016f. Pou\u017eit\u00ed \u0161t\u00edrn\u00edch bomb bylo obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 v boji zbl\u00edzka, nap\u0159\u00edklad p\u0159i obl\u00e9h\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Odkaz \u0161t\u00edrn\u00edch bomb<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u0160t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm p\u0159\u00edkladem d\u016fmyslnosti a krutosti starov\u011bk\u00e9ho v\u00e1le\u010dnictv\u00ed. Byly to mocn\u00e9 zbran\u011b, kter\u00e9 mohly nep\u0159\u00edteli zp\u016fsobit velk\u00e9 bolesti a utrpen\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee se \u0161t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby ji\u017e v modern\u00edm v\u00e1le\u010dnictv\u00ed nepou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed, z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed p\u0159ipom\u00ednkou toho, kam a\u017e lid\u00e9 za\u0161li, aby ubr\u00e1nili sebe a sv\u00e9 \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopl\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed informace<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bagd\u00e1dsk\u00e1 baterie je starov\u011bk\u00fd artefakt, o kter\u00e9m n\u011bkte\u0159\u00ed v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee byl pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n jako zbra\u0148 hromadn\u00e9ho ni\u010den\u00ed. Baterie byla objevena v roce 1936 pobl\u00ed\u017e Bagd\u00e1du v Ir\u00e1ku a p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee poch\u00e1z\u00ed z obdob\u00ed Parthsk\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e (247 p\u0159. n. l. &#8211; 224 n. l.).<\/li>\n<li>Biologick\u00e9 zbran\u011b jsou zbran\u011b, kter\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed toxick\u00e9 chemik\u00e1lie k zab\u00edjen\u00ed nebo zneschopn\u011bn\u00ed nep\u0159\u00edtele. Biologick\u00e9 zbran\u011b jsou pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1ny ve v\u00e1le\u010dnictv\u00ed po stalet\u00ed a dodnes p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed hrozbu.<\/li>\n<li>Strnulost je stav sn\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 aktivity a metabolismu. Strnulost m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt u zv\u00ed\u0159at vyvol\u00e1na vystaven\u00edm n\u00edzk\u00fdm teplot\u00e1m nebo pou\u017eit\u00edm ur\u010dit\u00fdch l\u00e9k\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0160t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby: starov\u011bk\u00e1 v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e1 zbra\u0148 Historie \u0161t\u00edrn\u00edch bomb \u0160t\u00edrn\u00ed bomby byly unik\u00e1tn\u00ed a smrt\u00edc\u00ed zbran\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvanou starov\u011bk\u00fdmi obyvateli pevnostn\u00edho m\u011bsta Hatra, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zelo na \u00fazem\u00ed dne\u0161n\u00edho Ir\u00e1ku. Ve druh\u00e9m&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2829],"tags":[2824,2826,2827,2819,2825,2823,2822,2821,2820,2828],"class_list":["post-1242","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ancient-history","tag-adrienne-mayor","tag-baghdad-battery","tag-biochemical-weapons","tag-scorpion-bombs","tag-emperor-septimius-severus","tag-greek-fire-poison-arrows-scorpion-bombs","tag-hatra","tag-roman-army","tag-ancient-warfare","tag-torpor"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1242","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1242"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1242\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1243,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1242\/revisions\/1243"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1242"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1242"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1242"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}