Po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee domestikace vlk\u016f v psy byl postupn\u00fd proces veden\u00fd lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed selektivn\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017eili vlky pro \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vlastnosti, jako je krotkost a spole\u010denskost. Nov\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v\u0161ak nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 spojujeme s domestikovan\u00fdmi psy, jako je hra na aport, mohlo b\u00fdt u vlk\u016f p\u0159\u00edtomno je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159edt\u00edm, ne\u017e byli domestikov\u00e1ni.<\/p>\n\n
Ve studii zve\u0159ejn\u011bn\u00e9 v \u010dasopise iScience zdokumentovali v\u011bdci poprv\u00e9 vl\u010data hraj\u00edc\u00ed si na aport. Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed bylo pozorov\u00e1no u t\u0159\u00ed ze 13 testovan\u00fdch vl\u010dat, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u00e1chylnost k aportu nemus\u00ed b\u00fdt v\u00fdhradn\u011b produktem domestikace.<\/p>\n\n
Auto\u0159i studie Christina Hansen Wheat a Hans Temrin, biologov\u00e9 ze Stockholmsk\u00e9 univerzity, se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee tento objev zpochyb\u0148uje p\u0159edpoklad, \u017ee ve\u0161ker\u00e9 ps\u00ed chov\u00e1n\u00ed je v\u00fdsledkem lidsk\u00e9ho vlivu. “Mysl\u00edm, \u017ee p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010dasto p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee v\u011bci, kter\u00e9 pozorujeme u ps\u016f, jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed a jedine\u010dn\u00e9, ani\u017e bychom to skute\u010dn\u011b kdy dok\u00e1zali,” uvedla Elinor Karlssonov\u00e1, geneti\u010dka ps\u016f z Broad Institute, kter\u00e1 nebyla do studie zapojena.<\/p>\n\n
Vl\u010data ve studii byla odchov\u00e1na ve sme\u010dk\u00e1ch a od \u00fatl\u00e9ho v\u011bku byla socializov\u00e1na s lidmi. Tato socializace mohla sehr\u00e1t roli v jejich ochot\u011b komunikovat s v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky a hr\u00e1t si na aport.<\/p>\n\n
“Vid\u00edme, \u017ee vlci dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed \u010d\u00edst lidsk\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed sign\u00e1ly, pokud si to zvol\u00ed,” \u0159ekla Hansen Wheat. “Je mo\u017en\u00e9, \u017ee na\u0161i p\u0159edkov\u00e9 toto hrav\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed u vlk\u016f vid\u011bli a uv\u011bdomili si jeho potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu.”<\/p>\n\n
V\u011bdci spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee verze aportu vl\u010dat se mohla selektivn\u00edm \u0161lecht\u011bn\u00edm vyvinout do c\u00edlev\u011bdom\u011bj\u0161\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed pozorovan\u00e9ho u domestikovan\u00fdch ps\u016f. V pr\u016fb\u011bhu tis\u00edc\u016f let mohli lid\u00e9 up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat vlky, kte\u0159\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnost\u00ed pron\u00e1sledovali a p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161eli p\u0159edm\u011bty, co\u017e vedlo k rozvoji plnohodnotn\u00e9ho aportn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 dnes vid\u00edme u ps\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Objev vl\u010dat hraj\u00edc\u00edch si na aport nazna\u010duje, \u017ee domestikace vlk\u016f mohla b\u00fdt slo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00ed proces, ne\u017e se d\u0159\u00edve myslelo. Tak\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1 ot\u00e1zky ohledn\u011b role hry v evoluci vztah\u016f mezi lidmi a zv\u00ed\u0159aty.<\/p>\n\n
Evan MacLean, v\u00fdzkumn\u00edk kognitivn\u00edch proces\u016f ps\u016f na University of Arizona, se domn\u00edv\u00e1, \u017ee hrav\u00e9 chov\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u010dat mohlo b\u00fdt kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdm faktorem v jejich domestikaci. “Pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b jsme vid\u011bli vlky d\u011blat v\u011bci, ve kter\u00fdch jsme vid\u011bli potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed hodnotu,” \u0159ekl MacLean. “Hravost mohla b\u00fdt jednou z t\u011bch v\u011bc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 d\u011blaly vlky atraktivn\u00ed pro na\u0161e p\u0159edky.”<\/p>\n\n
Objev, \u017ee vl\u010data si mohou hr\u00e1t na aport, zpochyb\u0148uje na\u0161e ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed domestikace ps\u016f a zd\u016fraz\u0148uje v\u00fdznam hry v evoluci vztah\u016f mezi lidmi a zv\u00ed\u0159aty. Je pot\u0159eba dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, abychom prozkoumali roli socializace, genetiky a dal\u0161\u00edch faktor\u016f ve v\u00fdvoji aportn\u00edho chov\u00e1n\u00ed u vlk\u016f i ps\u016f.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Vl\u010data si hraj\u00ed na aport: P\u0159ekvapiv\u00fd objev Domestikace vlk\u016f Po tis\u00edcilet\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee domestikace vlk\u016f v psy byl postupn\u00fd proces veden\u00fd lidmi, kte\u0159\u00ed selektivn\u011b k\u0159\u00ed\u017eili vlky pro \u017e\u00e1douc\u00ed vlastnosti,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[7873,3147,16849,6193],"class_list":["post-12462","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-wolf-behavior","tag-domestication","tag-dog-evolution","tag-animal-cognition"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12462","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12462"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12462\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12463,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12462\/revisions\/12463"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12462"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12462"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12462"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}