{"id":12532,"date":"2024-02-15T09:30:10","date_gmt":"2024-02-15T09:30:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12532"},"modified":"2024-02-15T09:30:10","modified_gmt":"2024-02-15T09:30:10","slug":"la-isabela-scurvy-malnutrition-columbus-first-settlement","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/life\/history\/la-isabela-scurvy-malnutrition-columbus-first-settlement\/","title":{"rendered":"Isabella: Kurd\u011bje a podv\u00fd\u017eiva vedly k p\u00e1du prvn\u00ed Kolumbovy osady"},"content":{"rendered":"

Isabella: Kurd\u011bje a podv\u00fd\u017eiva vedly k p\u00e1du prvn\u00ed Kolumbovy osady<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159\u00edjezd evropsk\u00fdch objevitel\u016f do Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta<\/h2>\n\n

Kdy\u017e evrop\u0161t\u00ed objevitel\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 dorazili do Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, \u010delili mnoha v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, v\u010detn\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed, drsn\u00fdch pov\u011btrnostn\u00edch podm\u00ednek a nedostatku p\u0159\u00edstupu ke zn\u00e1m\u00fdm potravin\u00e1m. Tyto v\u00fdzvy byly obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b akutn\u00ed pro pos\u00e1dku Kry\u0161tofa Kolumba, kter\u00fd v roce 1493 zalo\u017eil prvn\u00ed evropskou osadu v Americe v Isabele v Dominik\u00e1nsk\u00e9 republice.<\/p>\n\n

Kurd\u011bje: Zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed nedostatek<\/h2>\n\n

Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u00fdznamn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch zdravotn\u00edch probl\u00e9m\u016f, kter\u00fdm \u010delila pos\u00e1dka Isabele, byly kurd\u011bje. Kurd\u011bje je nemoc zp\u016fsoben\u00e1 nedostatkem vitaminu C, kter\u00fd je nezbytn\u00fd pro udr\u017een\u00ed zdrav\u00e9ho imunitn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu. Bez dostate\u010dn\u00e9ho mno\u017estv\u00ed vitaminu C sl\u00e1bne t\u011blo a je n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed k infekc\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n

Kurd\u011bje byly b\u011b\u017enou nemoc\u00ed mezi n\u00e1mo\u0159n\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed \u010dasto tr\u00e1vili m\u011bs\u00edce bez konzumace \u010derstv\u00e9ho ovoce a zeleniny. Probl\u00e9m, kter\u00e9mu \u010delili obyvatel\u00e9 Isabele, byl v\u0161ak obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fd. I pot\u00e9, co se usadili v Karibiku, nedok\u00e1zali evrop\u0161t\u00ed koloniz\u00e1to\u0159i za\u010dlenit do sv\u00e9ho j\u00eddeln\u00ed\u010dku \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 m\u00edstn\u00ed potraviny bohat\u00e9 na vitam\u00edn C.<\/p>\n\n

Dopad kurd\u011bj\u00ed na Isabelu<\/h2>\n\n

Z\u00e1va\u017en\u00e9 kurd\u011bje, kter\u00e9 postihly pos\u00e1dku Isabele, m\u011bly na osadu zni\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed dopad. Oslaben\u00fd imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9m pr\u016fzkumn\u00edk\u016f je \u010dinil n\u00e1chyln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi k dal\u0161\u00edm nemocem, jako jsou ne\u0161tovice a ch\u0159ipka. Tyto nemoci nakonec zdecimovaly populaci Isabele, kter\u00e1 byla opu\u0161t\u011bna pouh\u00e9 \u010dty\u0159i roky po sv\u00e9m zalo\u017een\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Role podv\u00fd\u017eivy<\/h2>\n\n

Krom\u011b kurd\u011bj\u00ed trp\u011bla pos\u00e1dka Isabele tak\u00e9 obecnou podv\u00fd\u017eivou. Nedostatek vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00e9 stravy oslabil jejich t\u011bla a u\u010dinil je zraniteln\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi v\u016f\u010di nemocem. Drsn\u00e9 podm\u00ednky Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, v\u010detn\u011b extr\u00e9mn\u00edho horka a vlhkosti, d\u00e1le zhor\u0161ovaly jejich zdravotn\u00ed probl\u00e9my.<\/p>\n\n

Virulence nemoc\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta<\/h2>\n\n

Identifikace, \u017ee mnoho obyvatel Isabele trp\u011blo t\u011b\u017ek\u00fdmi kurd\u011bjemi, vedla v\u011bdce k p\u0159ehodnocen\u00ed z\u00e1va\u017enosti nemoc\u00ed Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta na imunitn\u00ed syst\u00e9my star\u00e9ho sv\u011bta. Nyn\u00ed se v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee kurd\u011bje mohly v\u00fdznamn\u011b p\u0159isp\u011bt k vysok\u00e9 \u00famrtnosti mezi evropsk\u00fdmi nov\u00e1\u010dky v Americe.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm \u010delili kolonialist\u00e9 Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta<\/h2>\n\n

Boje, kter\u00fdm \u010delila pos\u00e1dka Isabele, nebyly ojedin\u011bl\u00e9. Mnoho dal\u0161\u00edch kolonialist\u016f Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta \u010delilo podobn\u00fdm v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, v\u010detn\u011b nemoc\u00ed, podv\u00fd\u017eivy a konflikt\u016f s domorod\u00fdm obyvatelstvem. Tyto v\u00fdzvy zt\u011b\u017eovaly evropsk\u00fdm osadn\u00edk\u016fm zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed trval\u00fdch osad v Americe.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed Isabele<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159es svou kr\u00e1tkou existenci hr\u00e1la Isabella v\u00fdznamnou roli v historii evropsk\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu a kolonizace. V\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm \u010delila pos\u00e1dka Isabele, poskytuj\u00ed cenn\u00e9 poznatky o obt\u00ed\u017e\u00edch p\u0159i zakl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed osad v Nov\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. D\u011bdictv\u00ed Isabele slou\u017e\u00ed jako p\u0159ipom\u00ednka d\u016fle\u017eitosti spr\u00e1vn\u00e9 v\u00fd\u017eivy a zdravotn\u00ed p\u00e9\u010de pro zaji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed \u00fasp\u011bchu lidsk\u00fdch osad.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Isabella: Kurd\u011bje a podv\u00fd\u017eiva vedly k p\u00e1du prvn\u00ed Kolumbovy osady P\u0159\u00edjezd evropsk\u00fdch objevitel\u016f do Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta Kdy\u017e evrop\u0161t\u00ed objevitel\u00e9 poprv\u00e9 dorazili do Nov\u00e9ho sv\u011bta, \u010delili mnoha v\u00fdzv\u00e1m, v\u010detn\u011b nezn\u00e1m\u00fdch nemoc\u00ed,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[767],"tags":[27,5562,16928,16929,99],"class_list":["post-12532","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history","tag-history","tag-scurvy","tag-malnutrition","tag-new-world-exploration","tag-lifescienceart"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12532","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12532"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12532\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12533,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12532\/revisions\/12533"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12532"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12532"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12532"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}