Archeologov\u00e9 ukryt\u00ed v srdci severn\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu, uprost\u0159ed zbytk\u016f starov\u011bk\u00e9ho n\u00fabijsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Mak\u00farie, vykopali ruiny kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed katedr\u00e1ly, kter\u00e1 kdysi st\u00e1la jako d\u016fkaz bohat\u00e9ho k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00e9ho d\u011bdictv\u00ed regionu. Tento mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00fd objev, kter\u00fd u\u010dinil t\u00fdm z Polsk\u00e9ho centra st\u0159edomo\u0159sk\u00e9 archeologie na Var\u0161avsk\u00e9 univerzit\u011b, vrh\u00e1 nov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo na zapomenutou historii tohoto z\u00e1hadn\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Katedr\u00e1la, kter\u00e1 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v podzemn\u00ed citadele hlavn\u00edho m\u011bsta Mak\u00farie, Star\u00e9 Dongoly, byla \u00fadajn\u011b nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edm kostelem, kter\u00fd byl kdy v N\u00fabii nalezen. Jej\u00ed impozantn\u00ed struktura, kter\u00e1 se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 do \u0161\u00ed\u0159ky 85 stop a ty\u010d\u00ed se do v\u00fd\u0161ky t\u0159\u00edpatrov\u00e9 budovy, sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o velikosti a vlivu k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed v Mak\u00farii.<\/p>\n\n
Apsida katedr\u00e1ly, nejsv\u011bt\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st budovy, byla zdobena \u017eiv\u00fdmi freskami, o nich\u017e se p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1, \u017ee zobrazuj\u00ed Dvan\u00e1ct apo\u0161tol\u016f. Tyto vynikaj\u00edc\u00ed malby, kter\u00e9 poch\u00e1zej\u00ed z 10. nebo po\u010d\u00e1tku 11. stolet\u00ed, nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled na n\u00e1bo\u017eenskou horlivost a um\u011bleckou zdatnost n\u00fabijsk\u00e9ho lidu.<\/p>\n\n
T\u011bsn\u011b v\u00fdchodn\u011b od apsidy katedr\u00e1ly objevili archeologov\u00e9 kopuli velk\u00e9 hrobky. Je zaj\u00edmav\u00e9, \u017ee uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto komplexu zrcadl\u00ed uspo\u0159\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed katedr\u00e1ly ve Farasu, dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho n\u00fabijsk\u00e9ho m\u011bsta, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed pobl\u00ed\u017e modern\u00ed hranice mezi S\u00fad\u00e1nem a Egyptem. Kopule v nov\u011b objeven\u00e9m komplexu je v\u0161ak v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a m\u011b\u0159\u00ed v pr\u016fm\u011bru 24 stop ve srovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pouh\u00fdmi 5 stopami ve Farasu.<\/p>\n\n
Na z\u00e1klad\u011b objevu podobn\u00e9 hrobky ve Farasu, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159ila Ioannovi, biskupovi z Farasu, archeologov\u00e9 spekuluj\u00ed, \u017ee hrobka ve Star\u00e9 Dongole mohla b\u00fdt m\u00edstem posledn\u00edho odpo\u010dinku arcibiskupa. To by d\u00e1le zd\u016fraznilo v\u00fdznam a velikost katedr\u00e1ly a jej\u00ed roli jako centra n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00e9 autority v Mak\u00farii.<\/p>\n\n
Mak\u00farie byla mocnou silou v regionu od 6. do 14. stolet\u00ed na\u0161eho letopo\u010dtu. Jej\u00ed hlavn\u00ed m\u011bsto Star\u00e1 Dongola, strategicky um\u00edst\u011bn\u00e9 na \u0159ece Nilu, vzkv\u00e9talo jako velk\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 centrum. Obyvatel\u00e9 m\u011bsta vynal\u00e9zav\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvali vodn\u00ed kola k zavla\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy pro zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed a podporovali tak prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed populaci.<\/p>\n\n
Strategick\u00e1 poloha Mak\u00farie usnadnila diplomatick\u00e9 vztahy se sousedn\u00edmi mocnostmi, v\u010detn\u011b muslimsk\u00e9ho Egypta, Byzance a Svat\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161e \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9. P\u0159es svou bl\u00edzkost k muslimsk\u00fdm \u00fazem\u00edm si Mak\u00farie udr\u017eovala m\u00edrn\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi sousedy, poskytovala ochranu proch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm muslim\u016fm a umo\u017e\u0148ovala jim modlit se v me\u0161it\u011b ve Star\u00e9 Dongole.<\/p>\n\n
Stejn\u011b jako poh\u00e1dkov\u00e9 kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed ztracen\u00e9 v \u010dase, sl\u00e1va Mak\u00farie vybledla v zapomn\u011bn\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b ruiny Star\u00e9 Dongoly, v\u010detn\u011b nov\u011b objeven\u00e9 katedr\u00e1ly, nab\u00edzej\u00ed l\u00e1kav\u00e9 z\u00e1blesky jej\u00ed zapomenut\u00e9 velikosti. Ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b Mak\u00farie svou velikost\u00ed soupe\u0159ila se \u0160pan\u011blskem a Franci\u00ed dohromady, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Star\u00e1 Dongola dos\u00e1hla po\u010dtu obyvatel srovnateln\u00e9ho se sou\u010dasnou Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017e\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n
Star\u00e1 Dongola se m\u016f\u017ee pochlubit mno\u017estv\u00edm dal\u0161\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch poklad\u016f. Tr\u016fnn\u00ed s\u00e1l, kr\u00e1lovsk\u00e1 budova pozd\u011bji p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bn\u00e1 na me\u0161itu, stoj\u00ed jako d\u016fkaz architektonick\u00e9 zru\u010dnosti m\u011bsta. Vykop\u00e1vky tak\u00e9 odhalily propracovan\u00e9 vily pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00edm a c\u00edrkevn\u00edm \u00fa\u0159edn\u00edk\u016fm, co\u017e nazna\u010duje sofistikovanost a prosperitu m\u011bsta.<\/p>\n\n
M\u011bsto bylo ozdobeno des\u00edtkami kostel\u016f, jejich\u017e interi\u00e9ry byly zdobeny slo\u017eit\u00fdmi freskami. Mnoh\u00e9 z t\u011bchto fresek byly pe\u010dliv\u011b zachov\u00e1ny a nyn\u00ed jsou vystaveny v N\u00e1rodn\u00edm muzeu v Chart\u00famu. Star\u00e1 Dongola je tak\u00e9 zn\u00e1m\u00e1 sv\u00fdmi jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi isl\u00e1msk\u00fdmi hrobkami ve tvaru v\u010del\u00edho \u00falu, kter\u00e9 byly postaveny pot\u00e9, co oblast na po\u010d\u00e1tku 14. stolet\u00ed dobyli maml\u00faci z Egypta.<\/p>\n\n
V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci usilovn\u011b spolupracuj\u00ed s t\u00fdmem pro ochranu a restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed, aby ochr\u00e1nili cenn\u00e9 malby katedr\u00e1ly. Oslaben\u00e1 om\u00edtka st\u011bn je zesilov\u00e1na a vrstvy ne\u010distot a soln\u00fdch usazenin jsou pe\u010dliv\u011b odstra\u0148ov\u00e1ny, aby se zabr\u00e1nilo dal\u0161\u00edmu po\u0161kozen\u00ed. Jakmile bude postavena ochrann\u00e1 st\u0159echa, m\u016f\u017ee za\u010d\u00edt posledn\u00ed f\u00e1ze ochrany, kter\u00e1 zajist\u00ed zachov\u00e1n\u00ed t\u011bchto neoceniteln\u00fdch um\u011bleck\u00fdch poklad\u016f pro budouc\u00ed generace.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Objev monument\u00e1ln\u00ed katedr\u00e1ly ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 N\u00fabii Ztracen\u00e9 m\u011bsto Star\u00e1 Dongola Archeologov\u00e9 ukryt\u00ed v srdci severn\u00edho S\u00fad\u00e1nu, uprost\u0159ed zbytk\u016f starov\u011bk\u00e9ho n\u00fabijsk\u00e9ho kr\u00e1lovstv\u00ed Mak\u00farie, vykopali ruiny kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed katedr\u00e1ly, kter\u00e1 kdysi st\u00e1la jako…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[191],"tags":[88,15413,27,6435,2984,16957,16956,3040,5196],"class_list":["post-12551","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-archaeology","tag-archaeology","tag-frescoes","tag-history","tag-cathedral","tag-christianity","tag-old-dongola","tag-medieval-nubia","tag-sudan","tag-lost-city"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12551","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12551"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12551\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12552,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12551\/revisions\/12552"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12551"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12551"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12551"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}