{"id":12586,"date":"2020-03-23T22:28:50","date_gmt":"2020-03-23T22:28:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12586"},"modified":"2020-03-23T22:28:50","modified_gmt":"2020-03-23T22:28:50","slug":"elephant-vocal-mimicry-korean-speech","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/animal-behavior\/elephant-vocal-mimicry-korean-speech\/","title":{"rendered":"Sloni: Fantasti\u010dt\u00ed imit\u00e1to\u0159i lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sloni: Fantasti\u010dt\u00ed imit\u00e1to\u0159i lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vok\u00e1ln\u00ed mimikry u asijsk\u00e9ho slona<\/h2>\n\n<p>Koshik, asijsk\u00fd slon \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v zoo Everland v Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji, p\u0159edvedl mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost: napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di. Zastrk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm chobotu do tlamy zvl\u00e1dl neuv\u011b\u0159itelnou reprodukci p\u011bti korejsk\u00fdch slov: \u201eannyong\u201c (ahoj), \u201eanja\u201c (posa\u010fte se), \u201eaniya\u201c (ne), \u201enuo\u201c (lehn\u011bte si) a \u201echoah\u201c (dobr\u00fd).<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Kognitivn\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed faktory<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee Koshikova neobvykl\u00e1 dovednost pramen\u00ed z jeho ran\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Jako jedin\u00fd slon v zoo b\u011bhem sv\u00fdch prvn\u00edch p\u011bti let postr\u00e1dal z\u00e1sadn\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed interakce nezbytn\u00e9 pro slon\u00ed pouto. Aby to kompenzoval, mohl upravit sv\u00e9 vokalizace, aby nav\u00e1zal spojen\u00ed se sv\u00fdmi lidsk\u00fdmi spole\u010dn\u00edky.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u00dapravy hlasov\u00e9ho traktu slon\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vyrovn\u00e1n\u00ed se s v\u00fd\u0161kou t\u00f3nu a zabarven\u00edm lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di p\u0159edstavuje pro slony jedine\u010dnou v\u00fdzvu kv\u016fli jejich v\u00fdrazn\u011b v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm hlasov\u00fdm trakt\u016fm. Koshik p\u0159ekon\u00e1v\u00e1 tuto p\u0159ek\u00e1\u017eku zastrk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm chobotu do tlamy a jeho p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159en\u00edm, aby se v\u00edce podobal lidsk\u00e9mu hlasov\u00e9mu traktu. Tato adaptace mu umo\u017e\u0148uje produkovat zvuky, kter\u00e9 napodobuj\u00ed lidsk\u00e1 slova s pozoruhodnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u011bdeck\u00e9 ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aby ov\u011b\u0159ili Koshikovy schopnosti, v\u011bdci provedli p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9 testy. Rodil\u00ed korej\u0161t\u00ed mluv\u010d\u00ed potvrdili p\u0159esnost jeho v\u00fdslovnosti a akustick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza odhalila, \u017ee jeho \u0159e\u010dov\u00e9 vzorce \u00fazce odpov\u00eddaj\u00ed \u0159e\u010dov\u00fdm vzorc\u016fm jeho lidsk\u00e9ho tren\u00e9ra. Tato zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed poskytuj\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00fd d\u016fkaz pro Koshikovu v\u00fdjime\u010dnou vok\u00e1ln\u00ed mimikry.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Implikace pro zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed komunikaci a osvojov\u00e1n\u00ed jazyka<\/h2>\n\n<p>Koshik\u016fv p\u0159\u00edpad zd\u016fraz\u0148uje kognitivn\u00ed a fyzick\u00e9 schopnosti slon\u016f v oblasti komunikace. A\u010dkoli nen\u00ed jasn\u00e9, zda pln\u011b ch\u00e1pe v\u00fdznam slov, kter\u00e1 vyslovuje, jeho schopnost vyd\u00e1vat zvuky podobn\u00e9 lidsk\u00fdm nazna\u010duje potenci\u00e1l pro pokro\u010dilej\u0161\u00ed osvojov\u00e1n\u00ed jazyka u slon\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mezidruhov\u00e1 komunikace a mo\u017enost slon\u00ed \u0159e\u010di<\/h2>\n\n<p>Vznik slon\u016f jako vok\u00e1ln\u00edch imit\u00e1tor\u016f otev\u00edr\u00e1 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pro mezin\u00e1rodruhovou komunikaci a jazykov\u00fd v\u00fdcvik. Na rozd\u00edl od lidoop\u016f, kter\u00fdm chyb\u00ed jemn\u00e1 motorick\u00e1 kontrola hlasov\u00e9ho traktu nezbytn\u00e1 pro \u0159e\u010d, mohou sloni vlastnit fyzickou schopnost u\u010dit se a produkovat lidsk\u00e1 slova.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budouc\u00ed sm\u011bry v\u00fdzkumu komunikace slon\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>Koshikovy pozoruhodn\u00e9 schopnosti otev\u0159ely nov\u00e9 cesty pro v\u00fdzkum komunikace a pozn\u00e1n\u00ed slon\u016f. Studiem jeho vok\u00e1ln\u00ed mimikry doufaj\u00ed v\u011bdci z\u00edskat poznatky o v\u00fdvoji jazyka, roli socializace ve zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edm chov\u00e1n\u00ed a potenci\u00e1lu pro mezin\u00e1rodruhovou komunikaci.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed poznatky<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Tak\u00e9 u n\u011bkolika druh\u016f pt\u00e1k\u016f, nap\u0159\u00edklad papou\u0161k\u016f a \u0161pa\u010dk\u016f, bylo zaznamen\u00e1no napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di.<\/li>\n<li>Existuj\u00ed anekdotick\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy o domestikovan\u00fdch slonech napodobuj\u00edc\u00edch lidsk\u00e1 slova, ale tato tvrzen\u00ed nebyla v\u011bdecky ov\u011b\u0159ena.<\/li>\n<li>Mo\u017enost nau\u010dit slony mluvit z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 l\u00e1kavou vyhl\u00eddkou, ale vy\u017eaduje dal\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkum a pokrok v technik\u00e1ch v\u00fdcviku zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00edho jazyka.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sloni: Fantasti\u010dt\u00ed imit\u00e1to\u0159i lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di Vok\u00e1ln\u00ed mimikry u asijsk\u00e9ho slona Koshik, asijsk\u00fd slon \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed v zoo Everland v Ji\u017en\u00ed Koreji, p\u0159edvedl mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou schopnost: napodobov\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 \u0159e\u010di. Zastrk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm chobotu do tlamy&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[312],"tags":[17010,17008,17011,17009,6193],"class_list":["post-12586","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-animal-behavior","tag-cross-species-communication","tag-elephant-communication","tag-language-acquisition-in-animals","tag-vocal-mimicry","tag-animal-cognition"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12586","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12586"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12586\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12587,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12586\/revisions\/12587"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12586"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12586"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12586"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}