{"id":12601,"date":"2021-08-19T10:17:24","date_gmt":"2021-08-19T10:17:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12601"},"modified":"2021-08-19T10:17:24","modified_gmt":"2021-08-19T10:17:24","slug":"proteins-reveal-hidden-stories-in-1630-plague-death-registry","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/history-of-science\/proteins-reveal-hidden-stories-in-1630-plague-death-registry\/","title":{"rendered":"Proteiny rozkr\u00fdvaj\u00ed minulost: Odhalen\u00ed skryt\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f z mil\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho registru \u00famrt\u00ed na mor z roku 1630"},"content":{"rendered":"

Proteiny odhaluj\u00ed skryt\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy v registru \u00famrt\u00ed na mor z roku 1630<\/h2>\n\n

Anal\u00fdza protein\u016f z historick\u00fdch dokument\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Po stalet\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dil mor v Evrop\u011b a zanech\u00e1val za sebou spou\u0161\u0165. Nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci objevili pr\u016fkopnickou techniku pro extrahov\u00e1n\u00ed protein\u016f z historick\u00fdch dokument\u016f, kter\u00e1 vrh\u00e1 nov\u00e9 sv\u011btlo na \u017eivoty t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eili v t\u011bchto bou\u0159liv\u00fdch \u010dasech.<\/p>\n\n

Proteomick\u00e1 technologie<\/h2>\n\n

Proteomika, studium protein\u016f, zp\u016fsobila revoluci v anal\u00fdze historick\u00fdch artefakt\u016f. Na rozd\u00edl od DNA, kter\u00e9 se m\u016f\u017ee v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu degradovat, jsou proteiny stabiln\u011bj\u0161\u00ed a mohou poskytnout cenn\u00e9 informace o prost\u0159ed\u00ed a lidech, kte\u0159\u00ed s dokumenty manipulovali.<\/p>\n\n

EVA disky a extrakce protein\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci vyvinuli disky z ethylvinylacet\u00e1tu (EVA), kter\u00e9 lze um\u00edstit na pap\u00edrov\u00e9 dokumenty pro extrahov\u00e1n\u00ed proteinov\u00fdch fragment\u016f. Tyto fragmenty jsou pot\u00e9 analyzov\u00e1ny pomoc\u00ed hmotnostn\u00ed spektrometrie, kter\u00e1 identifikuje proteiny a jejich zdroje.<\/p>\n\n

Mil\u00e1nsk\u00fd registr \u00famrt\u00ed na mor z roku 1630<\/h2>\n\n

V pr\u016flomov\u00e9 studii pou\u017eili v\u011bdci proteomiku na mil\u00e1nsk\u00fd registr \u00famrt\u00ed na mor z roku 1630. Tento pe\u010dliv\u00fd z\u00e1znam obsahoval jm\u00e9na a v\u011bk osob, kter\u00e9 zem\u0159ely b\u011bhem ni\u010div\u00e9ho vypuknut\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Anal\u00fdzou protein\u016f p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdch v registru z\u00edskali v\u011bdci poznatky o podm\u00ednk\u00e1ch prost\u0159ed\u00ed b\u011bhem moru. Zjistili p\u0159\u00edtomnost hlodavc\u016f, bakteri\u00ed a zdroj\u016f potravy, kter\u00e9 konzumovali p\u00edsa\u0159i a dal\u0161\u00ed osoby, kter\u00e9 s dokumentem manipulovaly.<\/p>\n\n

Strava p\u00edsa\u0159\u016f a p\u0159\u00edtomnost zv\u00ed\u0159at<\/h2>\n\n

Anal\u00fdza protein\u016f uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee p\u00edsa\u0159i konzumovali hlavn\u011b kuku\u0159ici, brambory, cizrnu, r\u00fd\u017ei a mrkev. P\u0159\u00edtomnost protein\u016f ovc\u00ed a koz nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tato zv\u00ed\u0159ata byla dr\u017eena v karant\u00e9nn\u00ed lazaretu, mo\u017en\u00e1 proto, aby poskytovala ob\u017eivu kojenc\u016fm, jejich\u017e matky podlehly moru.<\/p>\n\n

Bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed kontaminace<\/h2>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci tak\u00e9 identifikovali proteiny pat\u0159\u00edc\u00ed do bakteri\u00e1ln\u00ed \u010deledi Yersinia, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje bakterii zp\u016fsobuj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00fdm\u011bjov\u00fd mor. Poznamenali v\u0161ak, \u017ee tyto proteiny by mohly pat\u0159it tak\u00e9 k jin\u00fdm druh\u016fm Yersinia, kter\u00e9 nejsou pro \u010dlov\u011bka \u0161kodliv\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdzvy a p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti<\/h2>\n\n

I kdy\u017e proteomika nab\u00edz\u00ed vzru\u0161uj\u00edc\u00ed mo\u017enosti pro historick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed tak\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Identifikace sekvenc\u00ed protein\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt slo\u017eit\u00e1 a kontaminace z modern\u00edch zdroj\u016f m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt probl\u00e9mem. V\u011bdci v\u0161ak v\u011b\u0159\u00ed, \u017ee tato technologie m\u00e1 potenci\u00e1l odemknout skryt\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy z nes\u010detn\u00fdch historick\u00fdch dokument\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam pro historiky<\/h2>\n\n

Proteomick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza mil\u00e1nsk\u00e9ho registru \u00famrt\u00ed na mor z roku 1630 poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o \u017eivotech t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159e\u017eili toto ni\u010div\u00e9 vypuknut\u00ed. Rekonstruuje podm\u00ednky prost\u0159ed\u00ed, osv\u011btluje stravu a p\u0159\u00edtomnost zv\u00ed\u0159at a odhaluje v\u00fdzvy, kter\u00fdm \u010delili jednotlivci v dob\u011b velk\u00fdch ot\u0159es\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

Aplikace ve v\u00fdzkumu kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Krom\u011b studia moru m\u00e1 proteomika \u0161irok\u00e9 uplatn\u011bn\u00ed ve v\u00fdzkumu kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed. Lze ji pou\u017e\u00edt ke zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch rukopis\u016f autor\u016f, ur\u010den\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnosti l\u00e9k\u016f nebo zdravotn\u00edch stav\u016f v dob\u011b psan\u00ed a odhalen\u00ed skryt\u00fdch informac\u00ed ve st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch rukopisech.<\/p>\n\n

Odhalov\u00e1n\u00ed minulosti<\/h2>\n\n

Jak v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci neust\u00e1le zdokonaluj\u00ed proteomickou technologii, m\u016f\u017eeme o\u010dek\u00e1vat, \u017ee z\u00edsk\u00e1me je\u0161t\u011b hlub\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed minulosti. Anal\u00fdzou protein\u016f vlo\u017een\u00fdch do historick\u00fdch dokument\u016f m\u016f\u017eeme rekonstruovat \u017eivoty, prost\u0159ed\u00ed a zku\u0161enosti t\u011bch, kte\u0159\u00ed p\u0159i\u0161li p\u0159ed n\u00e1mi, a obohatit tak na\u0161e znalosti o lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin\u00e1ch.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Proteiny odhaluj\u00ed skryt\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy v registru \u00famrt\u00ed na mor z roku 1630 Anal\u00fdza protein\u016f z historick\u00fdch dokument\u016f Po stalet\u00ed \u0159\u00e1dil mor v Evrop\u011b a zanech\u00e1val za sebou spou\u0161\u0165. Nyn\u00ed v\u011bdci…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[61],"tags":[295,4641,89,3995,17027,17025,17026],"class_list":["post-12601","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-history-of-science","tag-diet","tag-historical-documents","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-plague","tag-animal-presence","tag-proteomics","tag-environmental-reconstruction"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12601","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12601"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12601\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12602,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12601\/revisions\/12602"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12601"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12601"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12601"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}