{"id":12605,"date":"2022-10-14T22:47:20","date_gmt":"2022-10-14T22:47:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12605"},"modified":"2022-10-14T22:47:20","modified_gmt":"2022-10-14T22:47:20","slug":"california-wolf-pack-returns-after-100-years","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/ecology\/california-wolf-pack-returns-after-100-years\/","title":{"rendered":"Vlci se vracej\u00ed do Kalifornie: Sme\u010dka Shasta objevena po 100 letech"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vlci se vracej\u00ed do Kalifornie: Shasta sme\u010dka spat\u0159ena po 100 letech<\/h2>\n\n

Objev sme\u010dky Shasta<\/h2>\n\n

V historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti biologov\u00e9 potvrdili p\u0159\u00edtomnost prvn\u00ed vl\u010d\u00ed sme\u010dky v Kalifornii za v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00ed. Sme\u010dka, p\u0159\u00edhodn\u011b pojmenovan\u00e1 Shasta sme\u010dka, se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze dvou dosp\u011bl\u00fdch vlk\u016f a p\u011bti ml\u00e1\u010fat, v\u0161ichni zdobeni n\u00e1padnou \u010dernou srst\u00ed. Fotopasti zachytily prvn\u00ed z\u00e1blesk osam\u011bl\u00e9ho vlka, co\u017e p\u0159im\u011blo biology k dal\u0161\u00edmu zkoum\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

D\u011bdictv\u00ed OR7 a sme\u010dky Rogue River<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1vrat vlk\u016f do Kalifornie lze vysledovat a\u017e k legend\u00e1rn\u00edmu OR7, \u0161ed\u00e9mu vlkovi, kter\u00fd se v roce 2011 vydal na epickou cestu dlouhou v\u00edce ne\u017e 500 mil p\u0159es Oregon a Kalifornii. Putov\u00e1n\u00ed OR7 p\u0159edstavovalo prvn\u00ed potvrzen\u00e9 pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed vlka v Kalifornii od 20. let 20. stolet\u00ed. Odborn\u00edci se domn\u00edvaj\u00ed, \u017ee sme\u010dka Shasta mohla poch\u00e1zet ze sme\u010dky Rogue River v Oregonu, kde OR7 slou\u017e\u00ed jako chovn\u00fd samec.<\/p>\n\n

Pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrana a pl\u00e1n \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Vlci v Kalifornii po\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed ochrany podle z\u00e1kona o ohro\u017een\u00fdch druz\u00edch st\u00e1tu i feder\u00e1ln\u00edho z\u00e1kona. Tyto z\u00e1kony zakazuj\u00ed jakoukoli formu obt\u011b\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed, po\u0161kozov\u00e1n\u00ed nebo lovu vlk\u016f. Krom\u011b toho st\u00e1t dokon\u010duje komplexn\u00ed pl\u00e1n \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, aby zajistil pokojn\u00e9 sou\u017eit\u00ed vlk\u016f a lid\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Mo\u017en\u00e9 dopady a obavy<\/h2>\n\n

Zat\u00edmco n\u00e1vrat vlk\u016f do Kalifornie vyvolal nad\u0161en\u00ed mezi ochr\u00e1nci p\u0159\u00edrody, vyvolal tak\u00e9 obavy, zejm\u00e9na mezi chovateli dobytka. Vlci jsou zn\u00e1m\u00ed t\u00edm, \u017ee lov\u00ed dobytek, a jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159edstavovat hrozbu pro farm\u00e1\u0159e. Je v\u0161ak d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 poznamenat, \u017ee vlci jen z\u0159\u00eddka p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmou hrozbu pro lidi.<\/p>\n\n

Vyva\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed ochrany a lidsk\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

Pl\u00e1n \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed, kter\u00fd st\u00e1t vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1, m\u00e1 za c\u00edl naj\u00edt rovnov\u00e1hu mezi ochranou vlk\u016f a ochranou lidsk\u00fdch z\u00e1jm\u016f. Pl\u00e1n bude obsahovat krit\u00e9ria pro vy\u0161krtnut\u00ed vlk\u016f ze seznamu ohro\u017een\u00fdch druh\u016f, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e uzn\u00e1, \u017ee \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u00e9 snahy o obnovu by m\u011bly nakonec v\u00e9st ke zru\u0161en\u00ed ochrann\u00fdch opat\u0159en\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Fotopasti zachycuj\u00ed vl\u010d\u00ed sme\u010dku<\/h2>\n\n

Objev sme\u010dky Shasta byl umo\u017en\u011bn d\u00edky fotopastem um\u00edst\u011bn\u00fdm ve vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch oblastech okresu Siskiyou. Tyto fotopasti zachytily cenn\u00e9 z\u00e1b\u011bry vlk\u016f a poskytly biolog\u016fm rozhoduj\u00edc\u00ed \u00fadaje pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed jejich pohyb\u016f a chov\u00e1n\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

V\u00fdznam obnovy vlk\u016f<\/h2>\n\n

N\u00e1vrat vlk\u016f do Kalifornie je d\u016fkazem odolnosti a p\u0159izp\u016fsobivosti tohoto ikonick\u00e9ho druhu. Vlci hraj\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00ed roli p\u0159i udr\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed zdrav\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9m\u016f a jejich p\u0159\u00edtomnost m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed kask\u00e1dov\u00fd efekt na jin\u00e9 populace divok\u00e9 zv\u011b\u0159e.<\/p>\n\n

Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n

Sme\u010dka Shasta p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd miln\u00edk v historii ochrany p\u0159\u00edrody v Kalifornii. Z\u00e1vazek st\u00e1tu chr\u00e1nit vlky a vypracovat vyv\u00e1\u017een\u00fd pl\u00e1n \u0159\u00edzen\u00ed zaji\u0161\u0165uje, \u017ee tito majest\u00e1tn\u00ed pred\u00e1to\u0159i budou m\u00edt bezpe\u010dnou budoucnost ve Zlat\u00e9m st\u00e1t\u011b.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vlci se vracej\u00ed do Kalifornie: Shasta sme\u010dka spat\u0159ena po 100 letech Objev sme\u010dky Shasta V historick\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti biologov\u00e9 potvrdili p\u0159\u00edtomnost prvn\u00ed vl\u010d\u00ed sme\u010dky v Kalifornii za v\u00edce ne\u017e stolet\u00ed. Sme\u010dka,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[590],"tags":[17030,404,5642,17029],"class_list":["post-12605","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ecology","tag-california-wildlife","tag-endangered-species","tag-conservation-success","tag-wolf-recovery"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12605","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12605"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12605\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12606,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12605\/revisions\/12606"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12605"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12605"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12605"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}