{"id":12658,"date":"2022-05-26T04:53:16","date_gmt":"2022-05-26T04:53:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12658"},"modified":"2022-05-26T04:53:16","modified_gmt":"2022-05-26T04:53:16","slug":"mini-brains-eye-like-features-retinal-disease-research","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/biomedical-research\/mini-brains-eye-like-features-retinal-disease-research\/","title":{"rendered":"Miniaturn\u00ed mozky s vlastnostmi podobn\u00fdmi o\u010d\u00edm: Pr\u016flom ve v\u00fdzkumu s\u00edtnicov\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mini mozky s vlastnostmi podobn\u00fdmi o\u010d\u00edm: Pr\u016flom ve v\u00fdzkumu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Pochopen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje oka<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00ed toho, jak se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed o\u010di, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed odhalit tajemstv\u00ed \u010dasn\u00fdch onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie u\u010dinila v\u00fdznamn\u00e9 pokroky v t\u00e9to oblasti, kdy\u017e se j\u00ed \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b poda\u0159ilo vyp\u011bstovat miniaturn\u00ed mozky s o\u010dn\u00edmi \u00fatvary zvan\u00fdmi optick\u00e9 kalichy. Tyto optick\u00e9 kalichy jsou prekurzory s\u00edtnice a jejich v\u00fdvoj v r\u00e1mci mini-organoid\u016f se velmi podob\u00e1 vzniku o\u010dn\u00edch struktur u lidsk\u00fdch embry\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Organoidy: Replikace org\u00e1n\u016f v laborato\u0159i<\/h2>\n\n<p>Organoidy jsou mal\u00e9, trojrozm\u011brn\u00e9 tk\u00e1\u0148ov\u00e9 kultury, kter\u00e9 napodobuj\u00ed strukturu a funkci org\u00e1n\u016f. V\u011bdci vytv\u00e1\u0159ej\u00ed miniaturn\u00ed organoidy ze kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, kter\u00e9 maj\u00ed potenci\u00e1l dozr\u00e1t v jakoukoli bu\u0148ku v t\u011ble. Studium organoid\u016f umo\u017e\u0148uje v\u011bdc\u016fm pozorovat, jak se org\u00e1ny vyv\u00edjej\u00ed a jak reaguj\u00ed na r\u016fzn\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">iPSC-kultivovan\u00e9 mini mozky<\/h2>\n\n<p>V t\u00e9to pr\u016fkopnick\u00e9 studii pou\u017eili v\u011bdci lidsk\u00e9 indukovan\u00e9 pluripotentn\u00ed kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky (iPSC) k vyp\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed mini mozk\u016f. iPSC jsou dosp\u011bl\u00e9 kmenov\u00e9 bu\u0148ky odvozen\u00e9 z lidsk\u00fdch embry\u00ed. Na rozd\u00edl od tradi\u010dn\u00edch embryon\u00e1ln\u00edch kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk jsou v\u0161ak iPSC z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1ny z dosp\u011bl\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch bun\u011bk, obvykle z ko\u017en\u00edch nebo krevn\u00edch vzork\u016f. Tyto bu\u0148ky jsou pot\u00e9 reprogramov\u00e1ny do embryon\u00e1ln\u00edho stavu, co\u017e jim umo\u017e\u0148uje vyvinout se v kteroukoli bu\u0148ku v t\u011ble.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdvoj optick\u00fdch kalich\u016f<\/h2>\n\n<p>P\u0159edchoz\u00ed v\u00fdzkumn\u00e9 snahy se zam\u011b\u0159ovaly na kultivaci bu\u010f \u010dist\u00fdch s\u00edtnicov\u00fdch bun\u011bk, nebo optick\u00fdch kalich\u016f v izolaci. C\u00edlem t\u00e9to studie v\u0161ak bylo vytvo\u0159it integrovan\u00fd syst\u00e9m p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00edm optick\u00fdch kalich\u016f jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti mini mozk\u016f. V\u011bdci upravili techniku, kter\u00e1 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b kmenov\u00fdch bun\u011bk na nervovou tk\u00e1\u0148, aby dos\u00e1hli tohoto c\u00edle.<\/p>\n\n<p>Pot\u00e9, co se bu\u0148ky vyvinuly v mini mozky, vznikly optick\u00e9 kalichy b\u011bhem 30 dn\u016f a do 50. dne byly pln\u011b zral\u00e9. Na\u010dasov\u00e1n\u00ed tohoto v\u00fdvoje odpov\u00edd\u00e1 v\u00fdvoji o\u010d\u00ed u lidsk\u00fdch embry\u00ed, co\u017e nazna\u010duje, \u017ee tento proces by mohl b\u00fdt pou\u017eit ke studiu v\u00fdvoje o\u010d\u00ed v d\u011bloze.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Sv\u011bteln\u011b citliv\u00e9 a komplexn\u00ed struktury<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pozoruhodn\u011b vykazovaly optick\u00e9 kalichy na mini mozc\u00edch citlivost na sv\u011btlo a vyvinuly r\u016fzn\u00e9 typy s\u00edtnicov\u00fdch bun\u011bk spojen\u00fdch s nervovou tk\u00e1n\u00ed. O\u010di na organoidech dokonce m\u011bly \u010do\u010dku a rohovkovou tk\u00e1\u0148.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Mo\u017en\u00e9 aplikace<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u00fdvoj mini mozk\u016f s vlastnostmi podobn\u00fdmi o\u010d\u00edm m\u00e1 dalekos\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u016fsledky pro v\u00fdzkum a l\u00e9\u010dbu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice. Tyto organoidy mohou v\u011bdc\u016fm pomoci:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Studovat interakce mozek-oko b\u011bhem embryon\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00fdvoje<\/li>\n<li>Modelovat vrozen\u00e9 poruchy s\u00edtnice<\/li>\n<li>Generovat specifick\u00e9 typy s\u00edtnicov\u00fdch bun\u011bk pro konkr\u00e9tn\u00edho pacienta pro personalizovan\u00e9 testov\u00e1n\u00ed l\u00e9\u010div<\/li>\n<li>Vyvinout transplanta\u010dn\u00ed terapie pro onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Budouc\u00ed sm\u011bry<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci v sou\u010dasnosti zkoumaj\u00ed zp\u016fsoby, jak prodlou\u017eit \u017eivotnost optick\u00fdch kalich\u016f, aby umo\u017enili d\u016fkladn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed studium onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice. Tento v\u00fdzkum slibuje mnoho pro posun na\u0161eho ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed v\u00fdvoje o\u010d\u00ed a pro p\u0159\u00edpravu p\u016fdy pro nov\u00e9 l\u00e9\u010dby onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Mini mozky s vlastnostmi podobn\u00fdmi o\u010d\u00edm: Pr\u016flom ve v\u00fdzkumu onemocn\u011bn\u00ed s\u00edtnice Pochopen\u00ed v\u00fdvoje oka Pochopen\u00ed toho, jak se vyv\u00edjej\u00ed o\u010di, je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky, kte\u0159\u00ed se sna\u017e\u00ed odhalit tajemstv\u00ed \u010dasn\u00fdch&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3713],"tags":[1867,16118,2112,17085,17083,1579,17084,17086],"class_list":["post-12658","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-biomedical-research","tag-biotechnology","tag-stem-cells","tag-medical-research","tag-mini-brains","tag-retinal-disease","tag-neuroscience","tag-organoids","tag-eye-development"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12658","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12658"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12658\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12659,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12658\/revisions\/12659"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12658"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12658"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12658"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}