Finsko zah\u00e1jilo ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd experiment: poskytnout z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem 2 000 nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm ve v\u011bku od 25 do 58 let. Od ledna 2023 budou tito jedinci pob\u00edrat m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek ve v\u00fd\u0161i 560 eur (p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 14 000 K\u010d) bez ohledu na jejich zam\u011bstnaneck\u00fd pom\u011br.<\/p>\n\n
Finsk\u00e1 vl\u00e1da chce posoudit dopad z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu na zam\u011bstnanost a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e9\u010di. Douf\u00e1, \u017ee zjist\u00ed, zda z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem dok\u00e1\u017ee \u00fa\u010dinn\u011b sn\u00ed\u017eit chudobu, zv\u00fd\u0161it blahobyt a p\u0159\u00edpadn\u011b reformovat syst\u00e9m soci\u00e1ln\u00edho zabezpe\u010den\u00ed zem\u011b. Pilotn\u00ed program pob\u011b\u017e\u00ed dva roky a v\u00fdsledky p\u0159\u00edjemc\u016f budou porovn\u00e1ny s kontroln\u00ed skupinou.<\/p>\n\n
Koncept univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu nen\u00ed nov\u00fd. Jeho zast\u00e1nci vysledovali jeho po\u010d\u00e1tky a\u017e k osv\u00edcenstv\u00ed. V 70. letech minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed poskytl kanadsk\u00fd experiment \u201eMincome\u201c v Dauphinu v Manitob\u011b garantovan\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem 30 % obyvatel m\u011bsta. V\u00fdsledky uk\u00e1zaly pozitivn\u00ed dopady, jako je sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu nehod a hospitalizac\u00ed a zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed doch\u00e1zky do \u0161koly.<\/p>\n\n
Finsk\u00fd experiment je jedine\u010dn\u00fd svou velikost\u00ed a d\u00e9lkou trv\u00e1n\u00ed. Pouze n\u011bkolik dal\u0161\u00edch zem\u00ed se zab\u00fdvalo koncepty z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu a v\u011bt\u0161ina experiment\u016f byla mal\u00e1 a kr\u00e1tkodob\u00e1. R\u016fstaj\u00edc\u00ed popularita z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu mezi zast\u00e1nci, kte\u0159\u00ed tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee by mohl zm\u00edrnit ztr\u00e1tu pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst zp\u016fsobenou automatizac\u00ed, v\u0161ak podn\u011bcuje z\u00e1jem o rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 pokusy.<\/p>\n\n
Zast\u00e1nci z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee m\u016f\u017ee sn\u00ed\u017eit chudobu, zlep\u0161it zdravotn\u00ed v\u00fdsledky a zv\u00fd\u0161it \u00farove\u0148 vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed. Poskytnut\u00edm finan\u010dn\u00ed jistoty by z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem mohl jednotlivc\u016fm umo\u017enit, aby se v\u011bnovali vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, zah\u00e1jili podnik\u00e1n\u00ed nebo se starali o \u010dleny rodiny, ani\u017e by se ob\u00e1vali ztr\u00e1ty p\u0159\u00edjmu.<\/p>\n\n
Odp\u016frci v\u0161ak vyjad\u0159uj\u00ed obavy z mo\u017en\u00e9ho dopadu na pracovn\u00ed mor\u00e1lku a n\u00e1klad\u016f spojen\u00fdch se zaveden\u00edm z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu ve velk\u00e9m m\u011b\u0159\u00edtku. Kritici tvrd\u00ed, \u017ee z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem by mohl odradit lidi od hled\u00e1n\u00ed pr\u00e1ce, co\u017e by vedlo ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed po\u010dtu pracovn\u00edch sil. Financov\u00e1n\u00ed programu z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu by nav\u00edc mohlo vy\u017eadovat v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed dan\u00ed nebo sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed jin\u00fdch soci\u00e1ln\u00edch program\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Finsk\u00fd experiment se li\u0161\u00ed od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch pokus\u016f se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem v n\u011bkolika ohledech. Za prv\u00e9, jedn\u00e1 se o nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed a nejdel\u0161\u00ed experiment dosud. Za druh\u00e9, platby z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu nahrad\u00ed n\u011bkter\u00e9 st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed d\u00e1vky, co\u017e zajist\u00ed, \u017ee program nebude pouze poskytovat dodate\u010dn\u00fd p\u0159\u00edjem t\u011bm, kte\u0159\u00ed ji\u017e pob\u00edraj\u00ed st\u00e1tn\u00ed podporu.<\/p>\n\n
Vzhledem k tomu, \u017ee automatizace a technologick\u00fd pokrok nad\u00e1le naru\u0161uj\u00ed trh pr\u00e1ce, z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem p\u016fdu pod nohama jako potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzev spojen\u00fdch s rozs\u00e1hlou ztr\u00e1tou pracovn\u00edch m\u00edst. Finsk\u00fd experiment by mohl poskytnout cenn\u00e9 poznatky o proveditelnosti a \u00fa\u010dinnosti z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu p\u0159i \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed m\u011bn\u00edc\u00ed se povahy pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\n\n
Zat\u00edmco rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 zaveden\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 ve v\u011bt\u0161in\u011b zem\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenou vyhl\u00eddkou, jednotlivci, kte\u0159\u00ed tou\u017e\u00ed po ochutn\u00e1n\u00ed konceptu z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu, se mohou p\u0159ihl\u00e1sit do program\u016f z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu financovan\u00fdch z ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch zdroj\u016f. Tyto programy poskytuj\u00ed mal\u00e9 m\u011bs\u00ed\u010dn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky omezen\u00e9mu po\u010dtu \u00fa\u010dastn\u00edk\u016f a nab\u00edzej\u00ed pohled na potenci\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u00fdhody a v\u00fdzvy z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu.<\/p>\n\n
Finsk\u00fd experiment se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem je odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd a inovativn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edstup k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzev nezam\u011bstnanosti a chudoby v rychle se m\u011bn\u00edc\u00edm sv\u011bt\u011b. V\u00fdsledky experimentu budou pozorn\u011b sledov\u00e1ny tv\u016frci politik a v\u00fdzkumn\u00edky \u043f\u043e cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b, proto\u017ee by mohly poskytnout cenn\u00e9 poznatky o potenci\u00e1ln\u00edch v\u00fdhod\u00e1ch a v\u00fdzv\u00e1ch z\u00e1kladn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edjmu jako budouc\u00edho soci\u00e1ln\u00edho bezpe\u010dnostn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Finsk\u00fd experiment se z\u00e1kladn\u00edm p\u0159\u00edjmem: Zku\u0161ebn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edpad pro budoucnost bez pr\u00e1ce Odv\u00e1\u017en\u00fd finsk\u00fd experiment Finsko zah\u00e1jilo ambici\u00f3zn\u00ed spole\u010densk\u00fd experiment: poskytnout z\u00e1kladn\u00ed p\u0159\u00edjem 2 000 nezam\u011bstnan\u00fdm ob\u010dan\u016fm ve v\u011bku od 25…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17213],"tags":[2729,3056,17210,3603,17211,17212,497,3057,17209],"class_list":["post-12738","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-social-sciences","tag-automation","tag-future-of-work","tag-finland","tag-poverty-reduction","tag-social-experiment","tag-welfare","tag-technology","tag-universal-basic-income","tag-ubi"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12738","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12738"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12738\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12739,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12738\/revisions\/12739"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12738"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12738"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12738"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}