{"id":12759,"date":"2021-06-02T06:41:02","date_gmt":"2021-06-02T06:41:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12759"},"modified":"2021-06-02T06:41:02","modified_gmt":"2021-06-02T06:41:02","slug":"largest-comet-ever-discovered-hubble-space-telescope","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/astronomy-and-space\/largest-comet-ever-discovered-hubble-space-telescope\/","title":{"rendered":"Ob\u0159\u00ed kometa odhalena Hubbleov\u00fdm dalekohledem: Kometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Hubble\u016fv vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled objevil nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kometu, jak\u00e1 kdy byla spat\u0159ena<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Objev komety Bernardinelli-Bernstein<\/h2>\n\n<p>V roce 2010 astronomov\u00e9 Pedro Bernardinelli a Gary Bernstein narazili na slab\u00fd sv\u011bteln\u00fd bod v archivn\u00edch sn\u00edmc\u00edch z pr\u016fzkumu Dark Energy Survey. M\u00e1lo tu\u0161ili, \u017ee tento vzd\u00e1len\u00fd objekt se uk\u00e1\u017ee b\u00fdt nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kometou, jak\u00e1 kdy byla objevena.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Potvrzen\u00ed pomoc\u00ed Hubbleova vesm\u00edrn\u00e9ho dalekohledu<\/h2>\n\n<p>V lednu 2022 v\u00fdzkumn\u00fd t\u00fdm pou\u017eil Hubble\u016fv vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled k potvrzen\u00ed kolos\u00e1ln\u00ed velikosti komety. Anal\u00fdzou p\u011bti sn\u00edmk\u016f byli schopni rozli\u0161it pevn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro komety od jej\u00ed okoln\u00ed k\u00f3my a dlouh\u00e9ho ohonu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Velikost a p\u016fvod<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein, ofici\u00e1ln\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako C\/2014 UN271, se rozkl\u00e1d\u00e1 na \u00fa\u017easn\u00fdch 80 mil na \u0161\u00ed\u0159ku, co\u017e je v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e st\u00e1t Rhode Island. Jej\u00ed j\u00e1dro je 50kr\u00e1t v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e9 j\u00e1dro komety.<\/p>\n\n<p>P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee kometa vznikla v Oortov\u011b oblaku, vzd\u00e1len\u00e9 oblasti ledov\u00fdch t\u011bles nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se na okraji na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. Odhaduje se, \u017ee gravita\u010dn\u00ed s\u00edly hmotn\u00fdch planet, jako jsou Jupiter a Saturn, vyvrhly kometu z vnit\u0159n\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy p\u0159ed miliardami let.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ob\u011b\u017en\u00e1 dr\u00e1ha a slo\u017een\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein je nyn\u00ed dv\u011b miliardy mil od Slunce a ob\u011bhne Slunce ka\u017ed\u00fdch 3 miliony let. Teplota jej\u00edho povrchu je mraziv\u00fdch minus 348 stup\u0148\u016f Fahrenheita. P\u0159esto\u017ee je extr\u00e9mn\u011b chladno, kometa emituje oxid uhelnat\u00fd, kter\u00fd kolem jej\u00edho j\u00e1dra vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed oblak prachu a plynu.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdznam a budouc\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Kometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein nab\u00edz\u00ed jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost pro v\u011bdce ke studiu komet z Oortova oblaku. Anal\u00fdzou jej\u00edho slo\u017een\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed doufaj\u00ed astronomov\u00e9, \u017ee z\u00edskaj\u00ed poznatky o vzniku a v\u00fdvoji na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">O\u010dek\u00e1van\u00fd nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pr\u016flet<\/h2>\n\n<p>O\u010dek\u00e1v\u00e1 se, \u017ee kometa dos\u00e1hne sv\u00e9ho nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edho p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed ke Slunci v roce 2031, kdy se dostane do vzd\u00e1lenosti jedn\u00e9 miliardy mil. P\u0159esto\u017ee nebude viditeln\u00e1 pouh\u00fdm okem, astronomov\u00e9 budou m\u00edt jedine\u010dnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost studovat tohoto nebesk\u00e9ho obra pomoc\u00ed dalekohled\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed ot\u00e1zky a odpov\u011bdi ohledn\u011b dlouh\u00e9ho ocasu kl\u00ed\u010dov\u00fdch slov<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Co je to Oort\u016fv oblak?<\/strong> Oort\u016fv oblak je sf\u00e9rick\u00e1 oblast ledov\u00fdch t\u011bles nach\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch se na okraji na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. P\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 se, \u017ee obsahuje miliardy komet a asteroid\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Jak vznikaj\u00ed komety?<\/strong> Komety vznikaj\u00ed z p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fdch \u00falomk\u016f po vzniku na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. Jsou tvo\u0159eny ledem, prachem a kameny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pro\u010d je kometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein tak jasn\u00e1?<\/strong> Kometa Bernardinelli-Bernstein je v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u011b jasn\u00e1 kv\u016fli sv\u00e9 velk\u00e9 velikosti a bl\u00edzkosti Slunce. Jak se bude p\u0159ibli\u017eovat ke Slunci, jej\u00ed k\u00f3ma se bude rozp\u00ednat, co\u017e ji je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce rozz\u00e1\u0159\u00ed.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co se mohou v\u011bdci nau\u010dit studiem komety Bernardinelli-Bernstein?<\/strong> Studiem komety Bernardinelli-Bernstein doufaj\u00ed v\u011bdci z\u00edskat poznatky o slo\u017een\u00ed a chov\u00e1n\u00ed komet z Oortova oblaku. To jim pom\u016f\u017ee l\u00e9pe pochopit vznik a v\u00fdvoj na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/li>\n<\/ul>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Hubble\u016fv vesm\u00edrn\u00fd dalekohled objevil nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed kometu, jak\u00e1 kdy byla spat\u0159ena Objev komety Bernardinelli-Bernstein V roce 2010 astronomov\u00e9 Pedro Bernardinelli a Gary Bernstein narazili na slab\u00fd sv\u011bteln\u00fd bod v archivn\u00edch sn\u00edmc\u00edch&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[2151],"tags":[435,1444,7450,17240,17239,434],"class_list":["post-12759","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-astronomy-and-space","tag-astronomy","tag-hubble-space-telescope","tag-comet","tag-bernard-bernstein-comet","tag-oort-cloud","tag-space-exploration"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12759","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12759"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12759\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12760,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12759\/revisions\/12760"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12759"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12759"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12759"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}