{"id":12763,"date":"2021-04-02T22:55:33","date_gmt":"2021-04-02T22:55:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12763"},"modified":"2021-04-02T22:55:33","modified_gmt":"2021-04-02T22:55:33","slug":"don-quixote-piracy-digital-age","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/art\/literature\/don-quixote-piracy-digital-age\/","title":{"rendered":"Don Quijote: Pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed a inovace v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b"},"content":{"rendered":"

Don Quijote: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed a inovac\u00ed v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

Vznik tisku a vzestup Dona Quijota<\/h2>\n\n

V 16. stolet\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez knihtisku Johannesem Gutenbergem zp\u016fsobil revoluci v literatu\u0159e. Poprv\u00e9 mohly b\u00fdt knihy vyr\u00e1b\u011bny hromadn\u011b, co\u017e je zp\u0159\u00edstupnilo \u0161ir\u0161\u00edmu publiku. Tato nov\u00e1 technologie vydl\u00e1\u017edila cestu pro vzestup mistrovsk\u00e9ho d\u00edla Miguela de Cervantese \u201eDon Quijote\u201c.<\/p>\n\n

Don Quijote vypr\u00e1v\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh idealistick\u00e9ho ryt\u00ed\u0159e, kter\u00fd se vyd\u00e1v\u00e1 na s\u00e9rii dobrodru\u017estv\u00ed v touze po sl\u00e1v\u011b a romantice. Rom\u00e1n se rychle stal bestsellerem, v Evrop\u011b vy\u0161lo n\u011bkolik jeho vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Jeho obliba dokonce inspirovala Williama Shakespeara k naps\u00e1n\u00ed divadeln\u00ed hry zalo\u017een\u00e9 na jedn\u00e9 z jeho vlo\u017een\u00fdch pov\u00eddek.<\/p>\n\n

Cervantes a v\u00fdzvy pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Jak rostla Quijotova sl\u00e1va, rostly i nepovolen\u00e9 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed a pir\u00e1tsk\u00e1 vyd\u00e1n\u00ed. Cervantes, kter\u00fd se spol\u00e9hal na sv\u00e9 psan\u00ed jako na zdroj p\u0159\u00edjmu, byl touto buj\u00edc\u00ed pir\u00e1tskou \u010dinnost\u00ed zd\u011b\u0161en. V reakci na to napsal pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m Don Quijote por\u00e1\u017e\u00ed podvodn\u00edka poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edho z konkuren\u010dn\u00ed verze p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu.<\/p>\n\n

Tato zku\u0161enost nau\u010dila Cervantese cennou lekci: stejn\u00e9 technologie, kter\u00e9 umo\u017enily \u0161irok\u00e9 \u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed jeho rom\u00e1nu, tak\u00e9 usnadnily ostatn\u00edm, aby jeho d\u00edlo zneu\u017e\u00edvali. Navzdory nedostatku pr\u00e1vn\u00edch prost\u0159edk\u016f Cervantes pou\u017eil sv\u00e9 mocn\u00e9 pero, aby bojoval proti pir\u00e1t\u016fm.<\/p>\n\n

Don Quijote v tisk\u00e1rn\u011b<\/h2>\n\n

V nezapomenuteln\u00e9 sc\u00e9n\u011b ve sv\u00e9m pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed Don Quijote nav\u0161t\u00edv\u00ed tisk\u00e1rnu a na vlastn\u00ed o\u010di se st\u00e1v\u00e1 sv\u011bdkem systematick\u00e9ho podv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed autor\u016f a p\u0159ekladatel\u016f tiska\u0159i. Je rozho\u0159\u010den, kdy\u017e zjist\u00ed, \u017ee se p\u0159ed jeho o\u010dima tiskne nepovolen\u00e1 verze jeho vlastn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n

Cervantesovo setk\u00e1n\u00ed s tiska\u0159i zd\u016fraz\u0148uje nap\u011bt\u00ed mezi p\u0159\u00ednosy a nebezpe\u010d\u00edmi nov\u00fdch technologi\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco tisk demokratizoval p\u0159\u00edstup k literatu\u0159e, vytvo\u0159il tak\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti pro neetick\u00e9 praktiky.<\/p>\n\n

Konec tisku a vzestup digit\u00e1ln\u00ed doby<\/h2>\n\n

P\u0159esu\u0148me se rychle do 21. stolet\u00ed a jsme sv\u011bdky podobn\u00e9 transformace s n\u00e1stupem digit\u00e1ln\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Elektronick\u00e9 texty, obrazovky a servery nahrazuj\u00ed pap\u00edr a tisk a zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm \u010dteme, distribuujeme a p\u00ed\u0161eme literaturu, se dramaticky m\u011bn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Stejn\u011b jako m\u011bl tiska\u0159sk\u00fd lis hlubok\u00fd vliv na Cervantes\u016fv sv\u011bt, digit\u00e1ln\u00ed revoluce formuje na\u0161i vlastn\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krajinu. Roz\u0161i\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed se okruh \u010dten\u00e1\u0159\u016f vy\u017eaduje nov\u00e9 typy literatury, od globalizovan\u00fdch rom\u00e1n\u016f po v\u00fdklenov\u00e9 sub\u017e\u00e1nry publikovan\u00e9 online.<\/p>\n\n

Nov\u00e9 hranice pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed v\u011bk v\u0161ak p\u0159inesl tv\u016frc\u016fm tak\u00e9 nov\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy. Pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed na internetu buj\u00ed a vym\u00e1hac\u00ed mechanismy je\u0161t\u011b nedok\u00e1zaly dr\u017eet krok s rychlost\u00ed technologick\u00e9ho pokroku. Nepovolen\u00e1 pokra\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed, nyn\u00ed zn\u00e1m\u00e1 jako fan fiction, jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n

Vlastnictv\u00ed nov\u00fdch digit\u00e1ln\u00edch platforem je nav\u00edc dnes je\u0161t\u011b v\u00edce koncentrovan\u00e9, ne\u017e tomu bylo v dob\u011b Cervantese. N\u011bkolik technologick\u00fdch gigant\u016f kontroluje infrastrukturu, kter\u00e1 zaji\u0161\u0165uje na\u0161i komunikaci a kreativitu.<\/p>\n\n

Quijotova modern\u00ed relevance<\/h2>\n\n

Ve sv\u011btle t\u011bchto v\u00fdzev z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 Don Quijote i dnes relevantn\u00ed postavou. Jeho bitvy s v\u011btrn\u00fdmi ml\u00fdny, \u010dasto interpretovan\u00e9 jako symbol jeho blud\u016f, lze ch\u00e1pat jako metaforu na\u0161ich vlastn\u00edch boj\u016f proti drtiv\u00fdm sil\u00e1m technologie.<\/p>\n\n

Stejn\u011b jako Don Quijote bojoval proti tiska\u0159\u016fm, kte\u0159\u00ed zneu\u017e\u00edvali jeho d\u00edlo, mus\u00ed se modern\u00ed spisovatel\u00e9 vypo\u0159\u00e1dat se slo\u017eitost\u00ed digit\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u011bku. Mus\u00ed naj\u00edt zp\u016fsoby, jak chr\u00e1nit sv\u00e9 du\u0161evn\u00ed vlastnictv\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vyu\u017e\u00edt p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nab\u00edzej\u00ed nov\u00e9 technologie.<\/p>\n\n

Pochopen\u00edm pou\u010den\u00ed z Dona Quijota se m\u016f\u017eeme l\u00e9pe vypo\u0159\u00e1dat s v\u00fdzvami a vyu\u017e\u00edt potenci\u00e1l digit\u00e1ln\u00ed liter\u00e1rn\u00ed krajiny.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Don Quijote: P\u0159\u00edb\u011bh pir\u00e1tstv\u00ed a inovac\u00ed v digit\u00e1ln\u00ed dob\u011b Vznik tisku a vzestup Dona Quijota V 16. stolet\u00ed vyn\u00e1lez knihtisku Johannesem Gutenbergem zp\u016fsobil revoluci v literatu\u0159e. Poprv\u00e9 mohly b\u00fdt knihy…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[429],"tags":[6330,17243,17244,4623,533,6971,497,17245,3306],"class_list":["post-12763","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-literature","tag-copyright","tag-cervantes","tag-don-quixote","tag-intellectual-property","tag-literature","tag-piracy","tag-technology","tag-print","tag-publishing"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12763","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/3"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12763"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12763\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12764,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12763\/revisions\/12764"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12763"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12763"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12763"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}