{"id":12777,"date":"2024-04-19T05:24:28","date_gmt":"2024-04-19T05:24:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12777"},"modified":"2024-04-19T05:24:28","modified_gmt":"2024-04-19T05:24:28","slug":"nile-crocodiles-respond-to-cries-of-babies","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/zoology\/nile-crocodiles-respond-to-cries-of-babies\/","title":{"rendered":"Nil\u0161t\u00ed krokod\u00fdli: P\u0159ekvapiv\u00e1 reakce na d\u011btsk\u00fd pl\u00e1\u010d"},"content":{"rendered":"

NIl\u0161t\u00ed krokod\u00fdli: Reaguj\u00ed na pl\u00e1\u010d nemluv\u0148at<\/h2>\n\n

\u00davod<\/h2>\n\n

Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee nilsk\u00ed krokod\u00fdli, zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi pred\u00e1torsk\u00fdmi instinkty, vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapivou reakci na zvuk pla\u010d\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie odhalila, \u017ee tito plazi mohou b\u00fdt schopni rozpoznat a reagovat na t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch, \u0161impanz\u00edch a bonob\u00edch nemluv\u0148at.<\/p>\n\n

T\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed a pred\u00e1torsk\u00e1 reakce<\/h3>\n\n

Kdy\u017e nilsk\u00fd krokod\u00fdl usly\u0161\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010d lidsk\u00e9ho d\u00edt\u011bte, rychle prozkoum\u00e1 zdroj zvuku. Tato reakce je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b vyvol\u00e1na pred\u00e1torsk\u00fdm instinktem krokod\u00fdl\u016f, proto\u017ee pl\u00e1\u010d nemluv\u0148at m\u016f\u017ee signalizovat snadn\u00e9 j\u00eddlo. Studie v\u0161ak tak\u00e9 nazna\u010duje, \u017ee n\u011bkter\u00e9 samice krokod\u00fdl\u016f mohou na pl\u00e1\u010d reagovat kv\u016fli mate\u0159sk\u00e9mu instinktu.<\/p>\n\n

Akustick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h3>\n\n

V\u00fdzkumn\u00edci analyzovali akustick\u00e9 prom\u011bnn\u00e9 d\u011btsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u010de, jako je v\u00fd\u0161ka t\u00f3nu, d\u00e9lka trv\u00e1n\u00ed a chaotick\u00e9 zvuky. Zjistili, \u017ee krokod\u00fdli reagovali siln\u011bji na pl\u00e1\u010d s vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmi hladinami chaosu a nal\u00e9havosti. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee krokod\u00fdli mohou b\u00fdt schopni rozli\u0161ovat mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi \u00farovn\u011bmi nouze na z\u00e1klad\u011b akustick\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed pl\u00e1\u010de.<\/p>\n\n

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed nastaven\u00ed v CrocoParcu<\/h3>\n\n

Aby otestovali reakce krokod\u00fdl\u016f, p\u0159ehr\u00e1li v\u00fdzkumn\u00edci v CrocoParcu v Agadiru v Maroku nahr\u00e1vky d\u011btsk\u00e9ho pl\u00e1\u010de. Mnoho krokod\u00fdl\u016f reagovalo rychle, p\u0159ibli\u017eovalo se k reproduktor\u016fm a dokonce se je pokou\u0161elo kousnout. N\u011bkter\u00e9 reakce se v\u0161ak zd\u00e1ly b\u00fdt sp\u00ed\u0161e mate\u0159sk\u00e9 povahy, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e krokod\u00fdli vykazovali chov\u00e1n\u00ed podobn\u00e9 t\u011bm, kter\u00e1 projevuj\u00ed p\u0159i p\u00e9\u010di o vlastn\u00ed ml\u00e1\u010fata.<\/p>\n\n

Rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed nouze mezi druhy<\/h3>\n\n

Zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 je, \u017ee studie zjistila, \u017ee krokod\u00fdli byli schopni analyzovat \u00farove\u0148 nouze bonob\u00edho pl\u00e1\u010de p\u0159esn\u011bji ne\u017e lid\u00e9. To nazna\u010duje, \u017ee krokod\u00fdli mohli vyvinout mechanismus pro rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed mezi r\u016fzn\u00fdmi druhy, bez ohledu na jejich evolu\u010dn\u00ed vzd\u00e1lenost.<\/p>\n\n

Evolu\u010dn\u00ed ko\u0159eny a d\u016fsledky<\/h3>\n\n

Charles Darwin p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal, \u017ee schopnost r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f rozpoznat t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt starov\u011bk\u00e9 evolu\u010dn\u00ed ko\u0159eny. Obratlovci \u010dasto reaguj\u00ed na stres podobn\u00fdmi zp\u016fsoby, co\u017e vede k vokalizac\u00edm s podobn\u00fdmi akustick\u00fdmi vlastnostmi. To mohlo usnadnit rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00fdch vol\u00e1n\u00ed mezi druhy jako mechanismus p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

Zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed komunikace a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed inteligence<\/h3>\n\n

Tato studie roz\u0161i\u0159uje st\u00e1le v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed mno\u017estv\u00ed v\u00fdzkum\u016f o zv\u00ed\u0159ec\u00ed komunikaci a emocion\u00e1ln\u00ed inteligenci. Jin\u00e9 studie prok\u00e1zaly, \u017ee psi mohou rozpoznat lidsk\u00e9 emoce poslouch\u00e1n\u00edm na\u0161ich hlas\u016f a \u017ee s\u00fdkory mohou identifikovat t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed u r\u016fzn\u00fdch druh\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b lid\u00ed a ob\u0159\u00edch pand.<\/p>\n\n

Sm\u011bry budouc\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu<\/h3>\n\n

P\u0159esto\u017ee tato studie poskytuje cenn\u00e9 poznatky o behavior\u00e1ln\u00edch a kognitivn\u00edch reakc\u00edch nilsk\u00fdch krokod\u00fdl\u016f na t\u00eds\u0148ov\u00e1 vol\u00e1n\u00ed, je zapot\u0159eb\u00ed dal\u0161\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, abychom prozkoumali cel\u00fd rozsah tohoto jevu. Testov\u00e1n\u00edm \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u0161k\u00e1ly druh\u016f a vokalizac\u00ed mohou v\u011bdci z\u00edskat komplexn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed porozum\u011bn\u00ed toho, jak se hlasov\u00e1 komunikace a rozpozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed emoc\u00ed vyv\u00edjely v cel\u00e9 \u017eivo\u010di\u0161n\u00e9 \u0159\u00ed\u0161i.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

NIl\u0161t\u00ed krokod\u00fdli: Reaguj\u00ed na pl\u00e1\u010d nemluv\u0148at \u00davod Uk\u00e1zalo se, \u017ee nilsk\u00ed krokod\u00fdli, zn\u00e1m\u00ed sv\u00fdmi pred\u00e1torsk\u00fdmi instinkty, vykazuj\u00ed p\u0159ekvapivou reakci na zvuk pla\u010d\u00edc\u00edch d\u011bt\u00ed. Ned\u00e1vn\u00e1 studie odhalila, \u017ee tito plazi mohou…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[280],"tags":[309,136,17267,17271,17270,17268,6628,17269],"class_list":["post-12777","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-zoology","tag-animal-behavior","tag-evolution","tag-nile-crocodiles","tag-maternal-instincts","tag-predatory-instincts","tag-cross-species-recognition","tag-vocal-communication","tag-distress-calls"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12777","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12777"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12777\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12778,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12777\/revisions\/12778"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12777"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12777"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12777"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}