{"id":12813,"date":"2024-04-29T00:24:39","date_gmt":"2024-04-29T00:24:39","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12813"},"modified":"2024-04-29T00:24:39","modified_gmt":"2024-04-29T00:24:39","slug":"ytterbium-a-rare-earth-element-with-unique-properties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/chemistry\/ytterbium-a-rare-earth-element-with-unique-properties\/","title":{"rendered":"Yterbium: Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zemn\u00ed prvek s unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi vlastnostmi"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Yterbium: Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zemn\u00ed prvek s unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi vlastnostmi<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co je ytterbium?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Yterbium je chemick\u00fd prvek se symbolem Yb a atomov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem 70. Je to m\u011bkk\u00fd, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd kov, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje v miner\u00e1lech, jako je gadolinit, monazit a xenotim. Yterbium je vz\u00e1cn\u00fd zemn\u00ed prvek a \u010dlen lantanoid\u016f v periodick\u00e9 tabulce.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vlastnosti ytterbia<\/h2>\n\n<p>Yterbium je pom\u011brn\u011b m\u011bkk\u00fd kov s Mohsovou tvrdost\u00ed 1,2. Je dobr\u00fdm vodi\u010dem tepla a elekt\u0159iny. Yterbium je tak\u00e9 paramagnetick\u00e9, co\u017e znamen\u00e1, \u017ee je p\u0159itahov\u00e1no magnety.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">V\u00fdskyt ytterbia<\/h2>\n\n<p>Yterbium je pom\u011brn\u011b vz\u00e1cn\u00fd prvek s v\u00fdskytem pouze 3,2 ppm v zemsk\u00e9 k\u016f\u0159e. Nach\u00e1z\u00ed se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch miner\u00e1lech, v\u010detn\u011b gadolinitu, monazitu a xenotimu. Tyto miner\u00e1ly se b\u011b\u017en\u011b vyskytuj\u00ed v magmatick\u00fdch a metamorfovan\u00fdch hornin\u00e1ch.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Vyu\u017eit\u00ed ytterbia<\/h2>\n\n<p>Yterbium m\u00e1 \u0159adu r\u016fzn\u00fdch vyu\u017eit\u00ed, mimo jin\u00e9:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Elektronika:<\/strong> Yterbium se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch elektronick\u00fdch za\u0159\u00edzen\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b laser\u016f, fosfor\u016f a polovodi\u010d\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Medic\u00edna:<\/strong> Yterbium-169 se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v nukle\u00e1rn\u00ed medic\u00edn\u011b k l\u00e9\u010db\u011b ur\u010dit\u00fdch typ\u016f rakoviny.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pr\u016fmysl:<\/strong> Yterbium se pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 v r\u016fzn\u00fdch pr\u016fmyslov\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b slitin kov\u016f, katalyz\u00e1tor\u016f a v\u00fdroby skla.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Historie ytterbia<\/h2>\n\n<p>Yterbium bylo poprv\u00e9 objeveno v roce 1843 \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fdm chemikem Carlem Gustavem Mosanderem. Mosander pojmenoval prvek po \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9m m\u011bst\u011b Ytterby, kde byl poprv\u00e9 nalezen miner\u00e1l gadolinit.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ytterbium v periodick\u00e9 tabulce<\/h2>\n\n<p>Yterbium je \u010dlenem lantanoid\u016f, skupiny 15 prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1zej\u00ed uprost\u0159ed periodick\u00e9 tabulky. Lantanoidy jsou si ve sv\u00fdch chemick\u00fdch vlastnostech velmi podobn\u00e9, ale li\u0161\u00ed se sv\u00fdm atomov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem a elektronovou konfigurac\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Zaj\u00edmavosti o ytterbiu<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Yterbium je jedn\u00edm ze t\u0159\u00ed prvk\u016f, kter\u00e9 jsou pojmenov\u00e1ny po m\u011bst\u011b. Dal\u0161\u00edmi dv\u011bma prvky jsou terbium a erbium, kter\u00e9 jsou tak\u00e9 pojmenov\u00e1ny po Ytterby.<\/li>\n<li>Yterbium je nejt\u011b\u017e\u0161\u00ed z lantanoid\u016f.<\/li>\n<li>Yterbium je pom\u011brn\u011b nov\u00fd prvek. Teprve ve 20. stolet\u00ed se v\u011bdc\u016fm poda\u0159ilo izolovat jej v \u010dist\u00e9 form\u011b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br<\/h2>\n\n<p>Yterbium je vz\u00e1cn\u00fd zemn\u00ed prvek s \u0159adou jedine\u010dn\u00fdch vlastnost\u00ed. Pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 se v r\u016fzn\u00fdch aplikac\u00edch, v\u010detn\u011b elektroniky, medic\u00edny a pr\u016fmyslu. Yterbium je fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed prvek, kter\u00fd je dodnes studov\u00e1n v\u011bdci.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Yterbium: Vz\u00e1cn\u00e9 zemn\u00ed prvek s unik\u00e1tn\u00edmi vlastnostmi Co je ytterbium? Yterbium je chemick\u00fd prvek se symbolem Yb a atomov\u00fdm \u010d\u00edslem 70. Je to m\u011bkk\u00fd, st\u0159\u00edb\u0159it\u011b b\u00edl\u00fd kov, kter\u00fd se vyskytuje&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[3804],"tags":[218,9132,17313,1129,8786,17314,17312,17311],"class_list":["post-12813","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-chemistry","tag-chemistry","tag-electronics","tag-lanthanide","tag-medicine","tag-periodic-table","tag-industry","tag-rare-earth-element","tag-ytterbium"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12813"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12814,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12813\/revisions\/12814"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12813"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}