{"id":12819,"date":"2020-08-22T00:32:42","date_gmt":"2020-08-22T00:32:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12819"},"modified":"2020-08-22T00:32:42","modified_gmt":"2020-08-22T00:32:42","slug":"sharks-fascinating-creatures-of-the-sea","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/marine-biology\/sharks-fascinating-creatures-of-the-sea\/","title":{"rendered":"\u017draloci: fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 mo\u0159\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u017draloci: Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 mo\u0159\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Biologie a chov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u017draloci se sv\u00fdmi elegantn\u00edmi tvary a siln\u00fdmi \u010delistmi jsou vrcholov\u00ed pred\u00e1to\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed se potuluj\u00ed oce\u00e1ny ji\u017e miliony let. Navzdory sv\u00e9 d\u011bsiv\u00e9 pov\u011bsti jsou \u017eraloci fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 s jedine\u010dn\u00fdmi adaptacemi a chov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed barev:<\/strong> \u017draloci vn\u00edmaj\u00ed sv\u011bt p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm v odst\u00ednech \u0161ed\u00e9, co\u017e jim pom\u00e1h\u00e1 splynout s okol\u00edm a lovit ko\u0159ist.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Loveck\u00e1 technika \u017eraloka li\u0161\u010d\u00edho:<\/strong> \u017draloci li\u0161\u010d\u00ed maj\u00ed dlouhou, kosovitou ocasn\u00ed ploutev, kterou pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed k &#8220;bi\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed&#8221; ryb, jejich omr\u00e1\u010den\u00ed a zabit\u00ed n\u00e1razem.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Embryon\u00e1ln\u00ed strategie p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed:<\/strong> Embrya bambusov\u00fdch \u017eralok\u016f dok\u00e1\u017e\u00ed vn\u00edmat elektrick\u00e1 pole pred\u00e1tor\u016f a znehybn\u00ed se, aby se vyhnula odhalen\u00ed. Embrya tyg\u0159\u00edch \u017eralok\u016f vykazuj\u00ed kanibalismus a po\u017e\u00edraj\u00ed sv\u00e9 mlad\u0161\u00ed sourozence, aby si zajistila zdroje.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Obavy o ochranu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov a popt\u00e1vka po pol\u00e9vce ze \u017eralo\u010d\u00edch ploutv\u00ed drasticky sn\u00ed\u017eily populace \u017eralok\u016f po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov:<\/strong> Odhaduje se, \u017ee ro\u010dn\u011b je zabito 100 milion\u016f \u017eralok\u016f, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kv\u016fli jejich ploutv\u00edm a masu.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Pol\u00e9vka ze \u017eralo\u010d\u00edch ploutv\u00ed:<\/strong> Tato pochoutka podn\u00edtila nadm\u011brn\u00fd rybolov \u017eralok\u016f, co\u017e vedlo k poklesu populace.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed:<\/strong> Z\u00e1kazy ploutv\u00ed \u017eralok\u016f, mo\u0159sk\u00e9 rezervace a exportn\u00ed omezen\u00ed CITES se zav\u00e1d\u011bj\u00ed s c\u00edlem chr\u00e1nit populace \u017eralok\u016f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Ekoturistika a ekonomick\u00e1 hodnota<\/h2>\n\n<p>\u017div\u00ed \u017eraloci generuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edjmy prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm ekoturistick\u00fdch podnik\u016f, jako je plav\u00e1n\u00ed s velryb\u00edmi \u017eraloky a \u0161norchlov\u00e1n\u00ed na \u00fatesech.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hodnota ekoturistiky:<\/strong> Ekoturistika se \u017eraloky p\u0159isp\u00edv\u00e1 ro\u010dn\u011b do glob\u00e1ln\u00ed ekonomiky \u010d\u00e1stkou p\u0159esahuj\u00edc\u00ed 300 milion\u016f dolar\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Palauova rezervace \u017eralok\u016f:<\/strong> Ochranou \u017eralok\u016f Palau vytvo\u0159ilo prosperuj\u00edc\u00ed turistick\u00fd pr\u016fmysl, kter\u00fd prosp\u00edv\u00e1 m\u00edstn\u00ed ekonomice.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ob\u010dansk\u00e1 v\u011bda:<\/strong> Turist\u00e9 se mohou \u00fa\u010dastnit projekt\u016f ob\u010dansk\u00e9 v\u011bdy fotografov\u00e1n\u00edm velryb\u00edch \u017eralok\u016f, \u010d\u00edm\u017e pom\u00e1haj\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu a ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9mu \u00fasil\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bioluminiscence a obrana proti pred\u00e1tor\u016fm<\/h2>\n\n<p>N\u011bkter\u00e9 druhy \u017eralok\u016f maj\u00ed bioluminiscen\u010dn\u00ed org\u00e1ny, kter\u00e9 vyd\u00e1vaj\u00ed sv\u011btlo, aby zm\u00e1tly pred\u00e1tory nebo p\u0159il\u00e1kaly ko\u0159ist.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Lucernovit\u00ed \u017eraloci:<\/strong> Tito \u017eraloci maj\u00ed sv\u011bteln\u011b vyza\u0159uj\u00edc\u00ed org\u00e1ny na b\u0159i\u0161e a z\u00e1dech, kter\u00e9 jim pom\u00e1haj\u00ed maskovat se a odrazovat pred\u00e1tory.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Obrana me\u010doun\u016f:<\/strong> Me\u010de a kop\u00ed vyroben\u00e9 ze \u017eralo\u010d\u00edch zub\u016f, kter\u00e9 nasb\u00edrali obyvatel\u00e9 ostrov\u016f v Tich\u00e9m oce\u00e1nu, odhaluj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edtomnost d\u0159\u00edve neobjeven\u00fdch druh\u016f \u017eralok\u016f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zm\u011bna vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed:<\/strong> Ve\u0159ejn\u00e9 vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eralok\u016f se m\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011brem k pozitivn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmu pohledu, kter\u00fd uzn\u00e1v\u00e1 jejich ekologick\u00fd v\u00fdznam.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dal\u0161\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 objevy<\/h2>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>P\u016fvod megalodona:<\/strong> Nov\u00e9 fosiln\u00ed d\u016fkazy nazna\u010duj\u00ed, \u017ee megalodon, kter\u00fd byl kdysi pova\u017eov\u00e1n za p\u0159edka velk\u00e9ho b\u00edl\u00e9ho \u017eraloka, je \u00fa\u017eeji p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fd \u017eralok\u016fm mako.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Starov\u011bk\u00e9 druhy \u017eralok\u016f:<\/strong> Me\u010de osazen\u00e9 \u017eralo\u010d\u00edmi zuby z tichomo\u0159sk\u00fdch ostrov\u016f poskytuj\u00ed poznatky o rozmanitosti druh\u016f \u017eralok\u016f, kter\u00e9 kdysi ob\u00fdvaly tuto oblast.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Zm\u011bna z\u00e1kladn\u00edch lini\u00ed:<\/strong> Lidsk\u00e1 pam\u011b\u0165 m\u016f\u017ee p\u0159ehl\u00e9dnout zm\u011bny v populac\u00edch \u017eralok\u016f v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu, co\u017e je jev zn\u00e1m\u00fd jako &#8220;zm\u011bna z\u00e1kladn\u00edch lini\u00ed&#8221;.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00edm biologie, chov\u00e1n\u00ed a ochran\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fdzev, kter\u00fdm \u017eraloci \u010del\u00ed, m\u016f\u017eeme ocenit jejich roli v mo\u0159sk\u00fdch ekosyst\u00e9mech a p\u0159isp\u011bt k jejich ochran\u011b. Pamatujte, \u017ee budoucnost \u017eralok\u016f z\u00e1vis\u00ed na na\u0161em spole\u010dn\u00e9m \u00fasil\u00ed zajistit jejich p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u017draloci: Fascinuj\u00edc\u00ed tvorov\u00e9 mo\u0159\u00ed Biologie a chov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017draloci se sv\u00fdmi elegantn\u00edmi tvary a siln\u00fdmi \u010delistmi jsou vrcholov\u00ed pred\u00e1to\u0159i, kte\u0159\u00ed se potuluj\u00ed oce\u00e1ny ji\u017e miliony let. Navzdory sv\u00e9 d\u011bsiv\u00e9 pov\u011bsti jsou&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[84],"tags":[17321,629,17322,6996,17323],"class_list":["post-12819","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-marine-biology","tag-shark-biology","tag-shark-conservation","tag-shark-ecotourism","tag-shark-research","tag-shark-finning"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12819","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12819"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12819\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12820,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12819\/revisions\/12820"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12819"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12819"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12819"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}