{"id":12908,"date":"2024-10-29T03:16:28","date_gmt":"2024-10-29T03:16:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12908"},"modified":"2024-10-29T03:16:28","modified_gmt":"2024-10-29T03:16:28","slug":"transit-of-venus-rare-celestial-event","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/astronomy\/transit-of-venus-rare-celestial-event\/","title":{"rendered":"Tranzit Venu\u0161e: Vz\u00e1cna nebesk\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tranzit Venu\u0161e: Vz\u00e1cna nebesk\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost<\/h2>\n\n

Co je tranzit Venu\u0161e?<\/h2>\n\n

Tranzit Venu\u0161e je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 astronomick\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, ke kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e planeta Venu\u0161e proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo mezi Sluncem a Zem\u00ed a jev\u00ed se jako mal\u00e1 \u010dern\u00e1 te\u010dka pohybuj\u00edc\u00ed se po slune\u010dn\u00edm disku. Tento jev je zp\u016fsoben t\u00edm, \u017ee se v\u0161echna t\u0159i nebesk\u00e1 t\u011blesa se\u0159ad\u00ed do p\u0159\u00edmky, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e Venu\u0161e je um\u00edst\u011bna uprost\u0159ed.<\/p>\n\n

Pro\u010d jsou tranzity Venu\u0161e tak vz\u00e1cn\u00e9?<\/h2>\n\n

Tranzity Venu\u0161e jsou tak neobvykl\u00e9, proto\u017ee mus\u00ed b\u00fdt spln\u011bny dv\u011b specifick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky sou\u010dasn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n

    \n
  1. Venu\u0161e mus\u00ed proch\u00e1zet mezi Zem\u00ed a Sluncem a b\u00fdt se\u0159azena v p\u0159\u00edmce, jak je vid\u011bt ze Zem\u011b.<\/li>\n
  2. Venu\u0161e mus\u00ed b\u00fdt tak\u00e9 se\u0159azena svisle a objevit se n\u011bkde p\u0159ed slune\u010dn\u00edm diskem z na\u0161eho pohledu.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n

    Vzhledem k odli\u0161n\u00fdm orbit\u00e1ln\u00edm rovin\u00e1m Venu\u0161e a Zem\u011b doch\u00e1z\u00ed k t\u011bmto z\u00e1kryt\u016fm pouze \u010dty\u0159ikr\u00e1t b\u011bhem neobvykl\u00e9ho 243let\u00e9ho cyklu, p\u0159i\u010dem\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd p\u00e1r tranzit\u016f je odd\u011blen st\u0159\u00eddav\u00fdmi obdob\u00edmi 121,5 a 105,5 roku.<\/p>\n\n

    Historick\u00fd v\u00fdznam tranzitu Venu\u0161e<\/h2>\n\n

    Tranzit Venu\u0161e sehr\u00e1l kl\u00ed\u010dovou roli v historii astronomie. V 17. a 18. stolet\u00ed si astronomov\u00e9 uv\u011bdomili, \u017ee pozorov\u00e1n\u00edm tranzitu z r\u016fzn\u00fdch m\u00edst na Zemi mohou pomoc\u00ed principu paralaxy vypo\u010d\u00edtat vzd\u00e1lenost mezi Zem\u00ed a Sluncem.<\/p>\n\n

    Tento pr\u016flom byl z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro pochopen\u00ed rozsahu na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy a ur\u010den\u00ed absolutn\u00ed velikosti Slunce. B\u011bhem tranzit\u016f v letech 1761 a 1769 byla zorganizov\u00e1na mezin\u00e1rodn\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e1 kampa\u0148 ke shrom\u00e1\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed \u00fadaj\u016f z observato\u0159\u00ed po cel\u00e9m sv\u011bt\u011b. Kombinov\u00e1n\u00edm m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed z r\u016fzn\u00fdch v\u00fdchoz\u00edch bod\u016f byli astronomov\u00e9 schopni vypo\u010d\u00edtat vzd\u00e1lenost ke Slunci s pozoruhodnou p\u0159esnost\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n

    V\u011bdeck\u00fd v\u00fdznam tranzitu Venu\u0161e dnes<\/h2>\n\n

    A\u010dkoli tranzit Venu\u0161e ji\u017e nen\u00ed tak v\u011bdecky v\u00fdznamn\u00fd jako v minulosti, st\u00e1le poskytuje astronom\u016fm cenn\u00e9 \u00fadaje. Pozorovan\u00e9 tranzity umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed v\u011bdc\u016fm studovat atmosf\u00e9ru Venu\u0161e, m\u011b\u0159it jej\u00ed velikost a tvar a z\u00edskat poznatky o vzniku a v\u00fdvoji na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy.<\/p>\n\n

    Krom\u011b toho n\u00e1m tranzit Venu\u0161e m\u016f\u017ee pomoci l\u00e9pe porozum\u011bt exoplanet\u00e1m, tedy planet\u00e1m ob\u00edhaj\u00edc\u00edm kolem jin\u00fdch hv\u011bzd ne\u017e Slunce. Anal\u00fdzou poklesu hv\u011bzdn\u00e9ho sv\u011btla zp\u016fsoben\u00e9ho tranzity exoplanet mohou astronomov\u00e9 odvodit velikost a vlastnosti t\u011bchto vzd\u00e1len\u00fdch sv\u011bt\u016f.<\/p>\n\n

    Jak pozorovat tranzit Venu\u0161e<\/h2>\n\n

    P\u0159\u00ed\u0161t\u00ed tranzit Venu\u0161e nastane 5. a\u017e 6. \u010dervna 2024. Abyste mohli tuto ud\u00e1lost bezpe\u010dn\u011b pozorovat, je d\u016fle\u017eit\u00e9 pou\u017e\u00edt speci\u00e1ln\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed filtr nebo prom\u00edtnout obraz Slunce na n\u011bjak\u00fd povrch. D\u00edvat se p\u0159\u00edmo na Slunce bez \u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9 ochrany o\u010d\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee zp\u016fsobit v\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 po\u0161kozen\u00ed s\u00edtnice.<\/p>\n\n

    Pozorovatel\u00e9 v Severn\u00ed Americe budou moci sledovat tranzit p\u0159i z\u00e1padu slunce 5. \u010dervna, zat\u00edmco ti v Evrop\u011b a Asii jej uvid\u00ed p\u0159i v\u00fdchodu slunce 6. \u010dervna. Tranzit za\u010dne p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b v 6:04 hodin v\u00fdchodn\u00edho \u010dasu, 5:04 hodin st\u0159edn\u00edho \u010dasu, 4:05 hodin horsk\u00e9ho \u010dasu a 3:06 hodin tichomo\u0159sk\u00e9ho \u010dasu ve Spojen\u00fdch st\u00e1tech.<\/p>\n\n

    Nenechte si uj\u00edt tuto vz\u00e1cnou p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitost<\/h2>\n\n

    Tranzit Venu\u0161e je nebesk\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, ke kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed jen n\u011bkolikr\u00e1t za \u017eivot. Vyu\u017eijte t\u00e9to p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti st\u00e1t se sv\u011bdky fascinuj\u00edc\u00edho astronomick\u00e9ho jevu a dozv\u011bd\u011bt se v\u00edce o historii a v\u00fdznamu Venu\u0161e a na\u0161\u00ed slune\u010dn\u00ed soustavy. Dal\u0161\u00ed tranzity nenastanou d\u0159\u00edve ne\u017e v roce 2117 a d\u00e1le, tak\u017ee si nenechte uj\u00edt \u0161anci za\u017e\u00edt tuto skute\u010dn\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dnou ud\u00e1lost.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Tranzit Venu\u0161e: Vz\u00e1cna nebesk\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost Co je tranzit Venu\u0161e? Tranzit Venu\u0161e je vz\u00e1cn\u00e1 astronomick\u00e1 ud\u00e1lost, ke kter\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed, kdy\u017e planeta Venu\u0161e proch\u00e1z\u00ed p\u0159\u00edmo mezi Sluncem a Zem\u00ed a jev\u00ed se…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":24746,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[437],"tags":[435,954,17435,17436,1173,17437,97,2255,1232],"class_list":["post-12908","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-astronomy","tag-astronomy","tag-celestial-events","tag-planetary-alignment","tag-rare-phenomena","tag-solar-system","tag-transit-of-venus","tag-science","tag-venus","tag-space"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12908","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12908"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12908\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24747,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12908\/revisions\/24747"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24746"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12908"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12908"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12908"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}