Azulejos, \u017eiv\u011b glazovan\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 dla\u017edice, kter\u00e9 zdob\u00ed interi\u00e9ry i exteri\u00e9ry budov v Portugalsku, jsou ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed zem\u011b. S histori\u00ed sahaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159es stalet\u00ed se tato propracovan\u00e1 um\u011bleck\u00e1 d\u00edla vyvinula z jednoduch\u00fdch geometrick\u00fdch vzor\u016f na propracovan\u00e9 n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00e9 malby zobrazuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdjevy z portugalsk\u00e9 historie, mytologie a ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota.<\/p>\n\n
Pojem \u201eazulejo\u201c poch\u00e1z\u00ed z arabsk\u00e9ho slova \u201eazzelij\u201c, co\u017e znamen\u00e1 \u201emal\u00fd le\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd k\u00e1men\u201c. Do Portugalska p\u0159inesli tuto um\u011bleckou formu Maurov\u00e9 ve 13. stolet\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco ran\u00e9 azulejos nesly isl\u00e1msk\u00e9 motivy, jako jsou uzly, v 16. stolet\u00ed se objevil \u201esmysl pro sc\u00e9nografii\u201c, kdy\u017e si portugal\u0161t\u00ed vl\u00e1dci objedn\u00e1vali dla\u017edicov\u00e1 d\u00edla k v\u00fdzdob\u011b pal\u00e1c\u016f a kostel\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
V 17. stolet\u00ed se staly popul\u00e1rn\u00ed dynamick\u00e9 vzory s kv\u011btinami, delf\u00edny a cherub\u00edny. V 18. stolet\u00ed za\u010daly na azulejos p\u0159evl\u00e1dat vypr\u00e1v\u011bc\u00ed v\u00fdjevy z mytologie a Bible, kter\u00e9 prom\u011bnily oblo\u017een\u00e9 prostory v obrazov\u00e9 knihy p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh\u016f.<\/p>\n\n
Azulejos nejsou pouze dekorativn\u00edmi prvky; jsou tak\u00e9 hluboce zako\u0159en\u011bny v portugalsk\u00e9 architektu\u0159e. Po ni\u010div\u00e9m zem\u011bt\u0159esen\u00ed v roce 1755 byly azulejos rozs\u00e1hle pou\u017eity k p\u0159estavb\u011b lisabonsk\u00e9 infrastruktury. Staly se tak snadn\u011bji zvl\u00e1dnutelnou a m\u00e9n\u011b n\u00e1kladnou mo\u017enost\u00ed. Krajinn\u00fd r\u00e1z m\u011bsta se prom\u011bnil v divadeln\u00ed sc\u00e9nu se st\u011bnami pokryt\u00fdmi \u017eiv\u00fdmi dla\u017edicov\u00fdmi n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdmi malbami.<\/p>\n\n
Ve 20. stolet\u00ed za\u010dali sou\u010dasn\u00ed um\u011blci vytv\u00e1\u0159et origin\u00e1ln\u00ed instalace azulejos ve ve\u0159ejn\u00fdch prostor\u00e1ch, jako jsou vlakov\u00e1 n\u00e1dra\u017e\u00ed, knihovny a koncertn\u00ed s\u00e1ly. Um\u011blkyn\u011b Maria Keil st\u00e1la za azulejos na 19 stanic\u00edch lisabonsk\u00e9ho metra, kter\u00e9 zobrazuj\u00ed rozmarn\u00e9 vodn\u00ed sc\u00e9ny a holdy p\u0159\u00edrod\u011b.<\/p>\n\n
Azulejos se v 21. stolet\u00ed neust\u00e1le vyv\u00edjej\u00ed. Um\u011blci pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed pixelovan\u00e9<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Azulejos: Okouzluj\u00edc\u00ed portugalsk\u00e9 um\u011bn\u00ed keramick\u00fdch dla\u017edic Azulejos, \u017eiv\u011b glazovan\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 dla\u017edice, kter\u00e9 zdob\u00ed interi\u00e9ry i exteri\u00e9ry budov v Portugalsku, jsou ned\u00edlnou sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed kulturn\u00edho d\u011bdictv\u00ed zem\u011b. S histori\u00ed sahaj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159es stalet\u00ed…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[17488],"tags":[297,17485,136,27,89,17486,3545,17487],"class_list":["post-12940","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ceramic-art","tag-architecture","tag-azulejos","tag-evolution","tag-history","tag-cultural-heritage","tag-portuguese-tile-art","tag-contemporary-art","tag-workshops"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12940","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12940"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12940\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12941,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12940\/revisions\/12941"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12940"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12940"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12940"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}