{"id":12964,"date":"2020-05-24T12:46:26","date_gmt":"2020-05-24T12:46:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/?p=12964"},"modified":"2020-05-24T12:46:26","modified_gmt":"2020-05-24T12:46:26","slug":"underground-climate-change-threatens-urban-infrastructure","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/science\/environmental-science\/underground-climate-change-threatens-urban-infrastructure\/","title":{"rendered":"Podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu: Skryt\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed pro m\u011bsta"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu: Skryt\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bstskou infrastrukturu<\/h2>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Co jsou podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu?<\/h2>\n\n<p>Podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako &#8220;podzemn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 ostrovy&#8221;, nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e teplo z um\u011bl\u00fdch struktur, jako jsou budovy a podzemn\u00ed dopravn\u00ed syst\u00e9my, vyza\u0159uje do zem\u011b. Tento jev se li\u0161\u00ed od zm\u011bn klimatu v atmosf\u00e9\u0159e, kter\u00e9 jsou zp\u016fsobeny emisemi sklen\u00edkov\u00fdch plyn\u016f.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Jak podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu ovliv\u0148uj\u00ed Chicago?<\/h2>\n\n<p>V\u011bdci zjistili, \u017ee podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu zp\u016fsobuj\u00ed, \u017ee p\u016fda pod centrem Chicaga se pomalu propad\u00e1. Jak teplota p\u016fdy stoup\u00e1, j\u00edlovit\u00e1 p\u016fda v Chicagu se smr\u0161\u0165uje, co\u017e vede k potenci\u00e1ln\u00edm trhlin\u00e1m v z\u00e1kladech budov a dokonce ke zkreslen\u00ed nebo naklon\u011bn\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">M\u011b\u0159en\u00ed dopadu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aby posoudili dopad podpovrchov\u00fdch zm\u011bn klimatu, nainstalovali v\u011bdci s\u00ed\u0165 teplotn\u00edch senzor\u016f nad a pod zem\u00ed v Chicago Loop. Pou\u017eili tak\u00e9 model k simulaci zm\u011bn teploty od roku 1951 a p\u0159edpov\u011bdi budouc\u00edch teplot do roku 2051.<\/p>\n\n<p>Jejich zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed uk\u00e1zala, \u017ee teploty p\u016fdy pod m\u011bstem stoupaj\u00ed ka\u017edoro\u010dn\u011b asi o 0,25 stupn\u011b Fahrenheita. N\u011bkter\u00e1 podzemn\u00ed m\u00edsta dos\u00e1hla teplot a\u017e o 27 stup\u0148\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch ne\u017e neru\u0161en\u00e1 p\u016fda a pod budovami v Loop jsou teploty \u010dasto o 18 stup\u0148\u016f vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e pod Grant Parkem.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">D\u016fsledky pro infrastrukturu<\/h2>\n\n<p>Rostouc\u00ed teploty v d\u016fsledku podpovrchov\u00fdch zm\u011bn klimatu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed zna\u010dn\u00e9 v\u00fdzvy pro m\u011bstskou infrastrukturu. Vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed teploty mohou zp\u016fsobit rozta\u017enost nebo smr\u0161\u0165ov\u00e1n\u00ed p\u016fdy, co\u017e vede k:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trhlin\u00e1m v z\u00e1kladech budov<\/li>\n<li>Zkreslen\u00ed nebo naklon\u011bn\u00ed konstrukc\u00ed<\/li>\n<li>P\u0159eh\u0159\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed kolej\u00ed metra, co\u017e zpomaluje nebo zastavuje vlakovou dopravu<\/li>\n<li>Tepeln\u00e9mu zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed podzemn\u00edch vod<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dopady na zdrav\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 teploty pod zem\u00ed mohou m\u00edt tak\u00e9 nep\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dinky na zdrav\u00ed, v\u010detn\u011b:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Dehydratace<\/li>\n<li>Astmatu<\/li>\n<li>Vysok\u00e9ho krevn\u00edho tlaku<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Strategie zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Aby zm\u00edrnily dopady podpovrchov\u00fdch zm\u011bn klimatu, mohou m\u011bsta implementovat strategie, jako jsou:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pou\u017eit\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 izolace na podzemn\u00edch stavebn\u00edch pl\u00e1\u0161t\u00edch ke sn\u00ed\u017een\u00ed \u00faniku tepla do p\u016fdy<\/li>\n<li>Z\u00e1chyt p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00e9ho podzemn\u00edho tepla a jeho vyu\u017eit\u00ed jako geoterm\u00e1ln\u00ed energie k vyt\u00e1p\u011bn\u00ed a chlazen\u00ed budov<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Dlouhodob\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed a pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed<\/h2>\n\n<p>Pochopen\u00ed dopad\u016f podpovrchov\u00fdch zm\u011bn klimatu je z\u00e1sadn\u00ed pro dlouhodob\u00e9 m\u011bstsk\u00e9 pl\u00e1nov\u00e1n\u00ed a spr\u00e1vu infrastruktury.<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u00e9 monitorov\u00e1n\u00ed teplot p\u016fdy je nezbytn\u00e9 pro sledov\u00e1n\u00ed zm\u011bn v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u010dasu.<\/li>\n<li>M\u011bsta mus\u00ed vyhodnotit zranitelnost sv\u00fdch p\u016fdn\u00edch podm\u00ednek v\u016f\u010di podzemn\u00edm tepeln\u00fdm ostrov\u016fm.<\/li>\n<li>M\u011bly by b\u00fdt vypracov\u00e1ny p\u0159edpisy a politiky k \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed v\u00fdzev, kter\u00e9 podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Z\u00e1v\u011br:<\/h2>\n\n<p>Podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu jsou skryt\u00fdm nebezpe\u010d\u00edm, kter\u00e9 ohro\u017euje m\u011bstskou infrastrukturu a lidsk\u00e9 zdrav\u00ed. Pochopen\u00edm jejich dopad\u016f a implementac\u00ed strategi\u00ed zm\u00edrn\u011bn\u00ed mohou m\u011bsta zajistit udr\u017eitelnost a odolnost sv\u00e9ho vybudovan\u00e9ho prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu: Skryt\u00e9 nebezpe\u010d\u00ed ohro\u017euj\u00edc\u00ed m\u011bstskou infrastrukturu Co jsou podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu? Podpovrchov\u00e9 zm\u011bny klimatu, zn\u00e1m\u00e9 tak\u00e9 jako &#8220;podzemn\u00ed tepeln\u00e9 ostrovy&#8221;, nast\u00e1vaj\u00ed, kdy\u017e teplo z um\u011bl\u00fdch struktur, jako jsou&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[38],"tags":[17513,17512,120],"class_list":["post-12964","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-environmental-science","tag-urban-infrastructure","tag-underground-climate-change","tag-sustainability"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12964","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12964"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12964\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12965,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12964\/revisions\/12965"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12964"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12964"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.lifescienceart.com\/cs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12964"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}